英语论文网

the English idiom “cast pearls before swine” will be translated into Chinese as “对牛弹琴” and the Chinese idiom “智者千虑，必有一失” will be translated into English “Homer sometimes nods”.
 4.2 Translation Strategies Based on Foreignization
 Based on foreignization, there are three types of translation strategies should be mentioned: literal translation, literal translation with notes, literal translation with paraphrasing.
 4.2.1 Literal Translation         
Literal Translation is almost word for word translation. It is a translation form which could be found in every literary works. Just as:
 ⑴“…Lord, help us to follow His steps, and love our enemis.”
 “上帝 啊，帮助我们以他为榜样，爱我们的敌人。” [7]
 ⑵平儿说道：“癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉，没人伦的混帐东西，起这样的念头，叫他不得好死！”（曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十一回）
 “What a nasty, disgusting man!”said Patience. “A case of ‘the toad on the ground wanting to eat the goose in the sky.’He’ll come to no good end, getting ideas like this!”(translated by 杨宪益、戴乃迭) [9]
 It is also used to translate some idioms and book titles. Look at the following idiom and their translations:
 ⑶易如反掌   as easy as turning over one’s palm
 ⑷鼠目寸光   as short-sighted as mice
 ⑸君子动口不动手   A gentleman uses his tongues, not his fists.
 Book titles are as the followings:
 《四书》 Four Books, 《五经》 Five Classics, 《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansion, Gulliver’s Travels 《格利弗游记》, The Adventure of Tom Sauyer 《汤姆·索亚历险记》, Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》, Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》, Sister Carrie 《嘉丽妹妹》, Jane Eyre 《简爱》, Wutherring Hwights 《呼啸山庄》.
 In such titles, just a few words display the author’s intention and designing, reflecting the essence of these great works. Thus literal translation, if possible, is the best way to keep the original essence. Especially in books titled with the name of the heroes, the heroes were typical in their characters and their fates. Through literal translation, the names of heroes can be spread widely and imprinted in people’s mind. Some of the names now have become the synonyms of some images, e.g. Hamlet---hesitation, Othello---jealous, Shylock---cruel, Don Quixote---foolish but brave.
  
4.2.2 Literal Translation with Notes
 “If a close, formal translation is likely to result in a misunderstanding of the designative meaning, certain changes must be introduced into the text of the translation or the literal translation may be retained and a footmote explaining the likely misunderstanding must be added”(Nida,1993:130)
 Due to the cultural differences between the English and Chinese, some literally-translated types may not make any sense to target readers. However, if the texts are translated literally plus some notes,they will become more accurate and more meaningful to readers. As follows:
 ⑹因又自笑道：“若真也葬花，可谓‘东施效颦’了，不但不为新奇，而且更是可厌。”（第30回）
 He wondered in some amusement. “ If so, she’s ‘Tung Shih imitating Hsi Shih.’ Which isn’t original but rather tiresome.”
 Note: Hsi Shih was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdom of Yueh, Tung Shih was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her ways.(杨宪益  戴乃迭译)[9]
 If there wasn’t the note, readers who know little Chinese culture would be confused by Tung Shih , Hsi Shih and the story between them. And Yang Xianyi adopted the Literal T本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。