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e recognition from the target readers.”7 More often than not, the figurative meaning of idiomatic  expression  is  not  simply  inferred  from  the  literal  meaning  of  each  element of  the  idiomatic  expressions,  therefore  the  word-for-word  translation  would  fail  in representing the connotations of the idiomatic expressions. Whether target readers can get the original meaning of the idiomatic expressions effortlessly has a lot to do with the preservation of cultural meanings as well as the achievement of contextual effects. Therefore the translator is expected to be well acquainted with culture differences of both  languages  and  try  to  meet  the  horizon  of  expectations  of  target  readers  by delivering the essence of the cultural-based idiomatic expressions to target readers in a plain and understandable way. 
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Chapter  Two  Examining  the  Target  Text  in  Accordance ..........31  
A. Rendered in poetic form...........32
1. Verse pattern and line length............34
2. Syntactic features.......35 
B. Rendered with rhyme scheme.............40 
Chapter Three Examining the Target Text in Accordance........48 
A. The recreation of response-inviting structures in culture-loaded words..............49 
B. The recreation of response-inviting structures in allusion..............54 
C. The recreation of response-inviting structures in choice of words............59 

Chapter Three Examining the Target Text in Accordance with Response-inviting Structures  

According  to  reception  aesthetics,  a  literary  text  is  not  a  closed  text;  rather  it  is an  open  one  in  the  sense  that  it  presents  to  be  containing  unexplained  and  unclear elements, namely indeterminacies or gaps. The gaps left by the author deliberately or accidentally  build  up  the  response-inviting  structures  of  the  text  which  function  as impetus  to  initiate  the  dialogical  relationship  between  text  and  reader.  The  openness and implicitness of response-inviting structures elicit aesthetic response from readers and  call  for  reader’s  participation  and  creation  to  concretize  the  indeterminacies  so that the interpretation of the literary work can be accomplished and its aesthetic value can be realized.  In  other  words,  the  aesthetic  value  of  the  literary  work  is  ascribed  to  the response-inviting  structures  of  the  text  by  which  the  dialogical  relationship  between the  text  and  the  reader  can  be  triggered,  reader’s  pre-knowledge,  imagination  and creativity can be aroused and the aesthetic value of the literary text can be actualized. Theoretically,  本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。