英语论文网

“宗教是集信仰、情感、教条和实践定义的关系人与神圣或神性之间”。宗教是人们对比自己更伟大的事物有强烈信心的一种方式。宗教还通过创造稳定和秩序，为社区带来团结。另一方面，一些批评者可能认为，由于腐败和矛盾，宗教造成的冲突多于决心。宗教可以在三个特征定义：信仰和宗教习俗，宗教的感觉（如信仰），并在那些共享相同的信仰社区统一（如教堂）”。因此，本文将讨论天主教在生殖、犯罪和惩罚以及同性婚姻等社会正义问题上的变化性质和观点。这篇文章将指出，天主教与天主教以前的做法相比，现在对社会公正问题采取了更为灵活的做法。

“Religion is the set beliefs, feelings, dogmas and practices that define the relations between human being and sacred or divinity” (Green, 1962, pg. 1). Religion is a way for people to have a strong confidence in something greater than themselves. Religion also brings unity to communities by creating stability and order. On the other hand, some critics may argue that religion creates more conflict than resolution, due to corruption and contradiction. Religion can be defined in three characteristics: Believes and religious practices, the religious feeling (such as faith), and unity in a community of those who share the same faith (such as the Church)” (Green, 1962, pg. 1). Thus, this essay will discuss the changing nature and views of Catholicism on social justice issues such as reproduction, crime and punishment, and same-sex marriage. This essay will argue that Catholicism has now taken a more flexible approach to social justice issues in comparison to how Catholicism was practiced earlier.

Many social theorists of the past have seen the diminishment of religion as imminent and desirable (Mainwaring, 1986). For instance, in 1830, Ludwig Feuerbach dismissed religion as a projection, and deemed that it would not last long. At the same time, Marx agreed with this assessment and believed that religion was an ideological mystification that created a divide between the bourgeoisie and the rest of the classes (Mainwaring, 1986).

In a study conducted by Cook (1993) and associates, a state exit poll was conducted in 1990 to determine whether Roman Catholicism affects abortion attitudes. The individual-level effects in which the Church socializes individual members was compared alongside contextual effects, in which the Church affects abortion attitudes by altering the terms of the debate outside the Church’s membership (Cook et al., 1993, p. 223). Both effects were found to be statistically significant (the effects were reliable), although the contextual effects of Catholicism were negative (Cook et al., 1993, p. 223). This part of the study suggested that the Catholic Church is affective in teaching anti-abortion attitudes to its members, but that a strong Catholic presence in a state influences citizens in a counter mobilization way, on the part of non-Catholics (Cook et al., 1993, p. 223).

Oliver (2008) makes an excellent point in understanding the relationship between the Catholic Church and social justice. For instance, Oliver (2008) states that in order to have a deeper understanding of the Catholic perspective of crime and criminal justice, one must have an understanding of the central concept that lies at the heart of the criminal justice system (p. 3). For instance, there is a human desire for justice. In Catholicism, there are those who are religious that seek justice in the world so that God’s will is done on earth. There are also a set group of people who profess no religion that seek justice through the court system based on the rule of law.[1]

Oliver (2008, p. 223) also points out that in the mid-1800’s, the Catholic Church had prodded the Medical community to prevent midwives and rogue doctors from perform