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UK建筑业经济学论文

建筑业在香港经济中起着重要的作用。政府宣布在2009-2010年度财政预算中，计划斥资393亿港元的用于基础设施。根据政府统计部门公布的2009年经济背景及2010年前景展望，建筑业在2008年贡献了3.1%的GDP，行业员工分担了49422个劳动岗位。同时，政府发布的2007-08年度施政报告里，计划在十大基础设施项目伤推动未来十年的经济增长。他们预计将创造2.5万个额外的工作岗位，每年提供香港经济增值超过1000亿港元。

索赔和争议

索赔通常出现在建筑行业（Ren et al. 2001; Bradley and Langford, 1987）。Barrie和Paulson（1992）指出，建筑行业的索赔、责任风险和纠纷情况在加剧。此外，在合适的时间达成有效的、经济的和解变得越来越困难。

Its The Construction Industry Economics Essay

In Hong Kong, the construction industry plays an important role in the economy of Hong Kong. The Government announced in the 2009-2010 budget that it plans to spend HK$39.3 billion on infrastructures. According to the 2009 Economic Background and 2010 Prospects, in which published by the Census and Statistics Department, the construction activities contributed 3.1% to GDP in 2008 and the industry＊s employees accounted for 49,422 of the labour force in 2008. Also, the Government announced in the 2007-08 Policy Address that it plans over the next decade pushing forward 10 major infrastructure projects for economic growth. They were expected to create 250,000 additional jobs and were estimated to provide added value to Hong Kong economy over HK$100 billion annually.

Claims and Disputes

Claims are commonly arisen in construction industry (Ren et al. 2001; Bradley and Langford, 1987). Barrie and Paulson (1992) stated that there is an increase of claims, liability exposures and disputes in the construction industry. In additions, it is more and more difficult to reach reasonable settlements effectively, economically at the right time. Ren et al. (2001) analyzed the reasons for these problems in terms of social, industrial and project aspects. For the social aspect, the construction industry experiences an increase in pressure from society to be more competitive in respect of time, cost, quality and environmental protection. For the industrial aspect, construction projects are commonly large and complex. The size of project and technological complexity are increasing. The interdependent relationships of project participants are complex. They come from different disciplines with their own interests and profits, but they have to cooperate with each other to carry out the works through contracts. For the project aspect, there are many uncertainties in a construction project such as unforeseeable site conditions, designs and specifications change and force majeure, etc. The standard forms of contract provide clauses for the claims of extension of time and direct loss and/or expense to deal with these uncertainties.

Since the participants have different expertises, cultures and interests, they may use different technique to assess the claims. The solution may be disagreed by the opponents (Kumaraswamy and Yogeswaran, 2003). When conflicts arise, negotiation between the participants may involve in the claim process. In fact, negotiation is the most suggestible method to resolve conflicts before they become disputes (Ren et al., 2001). The conflicts may escalate to be formal disputes. Further delay in dispute settlement has different negative effects. They include delay of the project, deterioration of the relationship between participants, and over budgets of the project (Iyer, et al., 2008). Therefore, it is essential to reduce the disputes as much as possible for better project performance.

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