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我已经给200家机场和空中交通管制局写了信，这些信督促他们落实财政应急计划，为了在这个困难的时期冻结甚至降低费用和费率。国际航空运输协会理事长说，从这句话中可以推测出旅客是如何在目前经济衰退下受到影响的（国际航空运输协会，2009年）。波特已经在他的模型中提到了另一种力量：购买者的议价能力（波特，2008年）。在买家和行业之间有一种竞争，买家会为了更低的价格、更好的质量、更好的服务水平而讨价还价(迈克尔等人，2009:52)。在把钱花费在空中旅行之前，人们必须要保证工作和经济上的富裕。航空业的衰退有着明显的影响。由于全球经济的持续衰退，商务和休闲旅游也在减少。航空旅客推迟了他们的旅行，这不仅节省了机票费而且也节省了旅行相关的费用。另一方面，企业也减少了商务旅行，为了在目前的情况下节省公司的开销。我们也可以看到人们从头等舱换到了经济舱（文森，2007年）。在2009年，国际航空运输协会在新闻发布会上公布了一组数据。在亚太地区单独旅客下降了14.5%，北美航空公司13.45%，欧洲航空公司11.6%，非洲航空公司15-6%，拉丁美洲航空公司5.9%（国际航空运输协会，2009年）。在英国，经济的衰退对休闲产业有着很大的影响。53%的消费者都呆在家里，59%的消费者在他们出去的时候花费一小部分钱。现在的买家更依赖于家庭娱乐技术。这一趋势加速了经济的衰退。低收入的家庭减少了他们的休闲活动。75%的成年人又利用休闲代金券，折扣和优惠。（敏特，2010年）。

I have written to some 200 airports and ATC provides to urge them to implement financial contingency plans, in odred to freeze or even reduce charges and rates in this difficult period. Said IATA director general. From this statement it can be assumed how travelers are affecting from the current recession (IATA, 2009). Another force that porter has described in his model is the bargaining power of buyers (Porter, 2008). There is a competitive battle between buyers and the industry, buyers bargain for lower price, high quality, great level of service.(Michael et al, 2009:52). People must be must be working and economically well off before spending money for air travel. The recession effects on airline industry are obvious. Both business and pleasure travel has been dropped or curtail because of the sustainable global recession. Air traveler postponed their trips to save not only the airfares but also the travel related expenses. On the other hand companies cut back the business trip to save company’s expenses in the current down turn. Also it is observed that people has switched from first class to economy class.(Wensveen 2007). IATA discloses the figure in a press briefing in 2009. In Asia pacific alone passengers fall 14.5%, north American carriers 13.45%, European carriers 11.6% African carriers 15-6% , Latin American carriers 5.9% .(IATA, 2009). In the uk, recession has had a great impact on leisure habits. 53% of consumers staying at home and 59% spending less money when they go out. Buyers are now more depended on home entertaining technology. The cocooning trend has been accelerated for the recession. Low income household have cut back their leisure activities. Again 75% adults are taking advantage of leisure vouchers, discounts and offers.(Mintel , 2010).

In addition to buyers, suppliers can also exert power over the industries by reducing quality and increasing prices. The bargaining power of suppliers depends on threat of forward integration, substitute supplies, supplier concentration, switching costs and buyer information. .(Michael et al, 2009:52). Most obvious, the airport services and air traffic control have got the oligopoly power in the airline industry. So many airlines have no choice, they have to pay whatever airport and ATC charges on them. Presently airline industry is affected by sustainable recession and industries downturn. Many airports are regulating landing charges to keep the monopoly power on the airline industry.( Stephen, 2007). in the year 2008 Boeing has celebrated his 50th anniversary who was introduced Boeing 747 airline service for the first time and dominated the market for 25 years. If any carries needed over 400 seats aircraft there was no oth本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。