其“tuned suspensi on” , 也与 (1) 形成根据联系构造。正在 (5) 中使用了动词前指“Conco rde” , 可了解为正在一个新修辞构造开端时, 运用动词前指。
三、反应动词前教正在语篇中公布的非构造要素
下文咱们引见了修辞构造联系反应着动词前教正在语篇中的散布, 然而, 正在实践语篇中, 尤其是字数较短, 消息含量较大的作品中, 咱们时常会发觉用动词前指来代替代词前指的景象, 也就是说动词前指的运用遭到非构造要素的反应。
1 . 补充消息。Schegloff (p. c) 曾指出: 文中再次谈到人或者物的中央是对于这人或者此物停止消息补充的中央。因为,动词短语加上润饰语变化指称的主要手腕。相似: (1) B ill Gates glad2 handed h is w ay th rough the co r r ido rs of pow er inW ash ington last w eek . (2)He dropped by theW h ite House fo r a new 2 economy conference,w here P resident Cliton landedh i m fo r h is“phenomenal”Char itable cont r ibut本
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英语论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供 i ons . (3) A nd he roamed Cap ito l H ill fo r meet ings w ith mo re than 125members of Congress, including a p r ivate chatw ith Senate Commerce Comm it tee chairman, JohnM cCain . (4) The tour istate it up; (5) the $100 B illionM an at t racted movie2star crow ds w herever he w ent . . . 。那里, (1) 中心语句, 卫星语句 (2) (3) 与 (1) 形成论述联系构造, 卫星语句 (4) (5) 与 (1) 形成后果联系构造。 (5) 中“the $100 B illi onM an”前指 (1) 中的“ B ill Gates” , 同声补充了消息, 即道破了B ill Gates 的身份。 2 . 类比。有时分, 众人会发觉依据修辞构造实践能够用代词前指的中央却用了动词前指, 如“the young gir l ; theSw ede; the pow erful creature” 等, 手段之一是为了强调后行词的属性或者归类。相似: He ( the ho rse) seemed quite calm.How ever, as she turned to take h i m back, the p ow erf u l creatu re suddenly reared and jumped fo rw ard . It w as all over inan instant . 那里运用动词前指“the pow erful creature” , 强调了马的植物属性。 3 . 比拟和比照。因为比拟或者比照的需求, 众人会更多地运用动词前指。相似: The man’ s papers Bet t ie found in theat t ic established h is ident ity: L i . Henry Bedell, Company D, 11thV ermont Vo lunteers, 30 years o ld . She knew that sheshould repo r t the p resence of th is U nion Of f icer to the Confederate A rmy . 那里, 正在运用了动词前指 “th is U ni on O ff icer”来一般与 “the Confederate A rmy” 的比照。
4 . 后续。后续是指继往开来的作用。假如笔者需求对于被指称项作论述或者补充时, 常常运用动词前指。
5 . 小结。有时, 众人会运用动词前指对于后面所述形式加以评论或者演绎。
6 . 强调。强调性能是动词前教正在语篇中运用的另一种主要性能。请看以次这则海报: A vailable in th ree delici ous f lavo rs—cinnamon, st raw ber ry and blueber ry—E g g o T oasterM uf f ins are cr ispy on theoutside,w arm and muff iny on the inside and so f lavo rful and scrump t i ous that they don’ t even need a topp ings! A ndbecause they’ re shaped to f it in the toaster, you can just toast and go w ithout any fuss . Best of all, E g g o T oasterM uf f insare a good source of calcium and have nine vitam ins and m inerals . So you can reass
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