英国食品安全相关本科毕业论文 [6]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2014-10-13编辑:yangcheng点击率:17861
论文字数:8713论文编号:org201410122351308714语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文
关键词:食品安全形势TROPAG食品安全食品政策约束趋势预测
摘要:这是一篇食品安全的形势的留学生assignment,本文回顾了印度2010年的粮食安全形势与前景。紧随其后的是对有助于粮食安全的五个关键因素的评估。然后讨论了在这种背景下的印度粮食政策和方针选择,之后基于三个指标使用经济研究服务 (ERS)食品安全评估模型,对印度当前的状况进行了评估:即现状的差距;营养差距;以及分配差距。
further growth of grain output in China is by no means guaranteed. Continued investments in rural infrastructure, land reclamation and water development, and improvements in agricultural research and extension will be required. Even with these policies, the availability of water for irrigation will seriously limit further increases in domestic production. Investments in port facilities and bulk
logistical systems will be needed if China is to meet a higher proportion of its food needs from imports.
The easy gains of the green revolution are over: yields have plateaued in many areas and environmental problems such as salinisation of irrigated lands and growing pesticide resistance among crop pests are making it difficult to maintain production levels in some of the older green revolution areas. Other than GMOs, there is no new technological breakthrough on the horizon that could fuel the next food production revolution. Heightened environmental awareness has ensured that any new technologies that do emerge from the agricultural research system will have to meet much stiffer environmental criteria than was the case with the green revolution - as is graphically demonstrated by level of resistance to genetically modified crops.
As Asian incomes rise, livestock products will begin to figure ever more prominently in people's diets. This is illustrated by the experience of Vietnam, where economic growth has been rapid and where between 1996 and 2000, meat and fish consumption increased by 36% and 24% respectively. As consumption of animal products increases, demand from the feed industry drives up cereal prices. The World Bank report At China's Table (1997a) estimated China's grain demand in 2020 to be 697 million tonnes. Average individual consumption of food grains is predicted to fall, and be replaced by meat and fish. However, total demand for grain (for both food and animal feed) is projected to rise. As grain is diverted to animal feed, its availability as food falls and its price will rise, with disproportionately negative effects on the poor, who remain heavily dependent on cereals for food.
Food aid
Food aid is no longer as reliable as it once was. First, the cost of agricultural subsidies in the OECD countries (currently running at around a billion dollars a day) is increasingly being questioned, and it is these subsidies that generate the surpluses that are disposed of as food aid. Second, food aid donors are becoming increasingly aware that food aid often represents unfair competition to farmers in the recipient countries, thus acting as a disincentive to agricultural development. Hence, USAID requires that its offices in recipient countries annually certify that US food aid does not have this disincentive effect. The only countries among the case studies that still routinely receive food aid are Bangladesh and Cambodia, and even here the level is steadily declining. The EC has virtually discontinued food shipments to Bangladesh and now supports food security initiatives through cash payments. In Cambodia the largest food aid donor is WFP, and it now purchases around half of the food it supplies in-country.
Food Security and International Trade
This section discusses how current and future trade liberalisation is affecting and will affect household food security in Asia. It discusses the effects of trade liberalisation by developing countries i
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