摘要:作者指出最近,学校教育改革的广泛热门话题就是与学生为中心的学习,于是作者举出学生关于生物部落的实验,虽然以学生为中心的学习还没有得到广泛的推行,但对于学生的学习还是有一定的利处。
the sides' helping the students to access, organize and transfer information to find answers to real life problems. As Harmon and Hirumi point out, 'Teachers become guides and mentors helping students access, interpret, organize and transfer knowledge to solve authentic problems, while students gain expertise not only in the content area being studied, but also in learning' (1996). Students do not merely regurgitate the information; they learn how to learn through discovery, inquiry, and problem solving.
Why the change to this new form of learning? It seems that the teacher-centered textbook-based learning wasn't cutting it in our ever-changing, information rich, global society. 'Rapidly changing political, social, and economic environments often made textbooks and articles outdated soon after they published' (Cook, J. & Cook, L., 1998). Remember the fall of the USSR? How that changed the world maps, as we know them? History was being made on a daily basis. Imagine having to teach Geography and World History using the textbooks adopted prior to that major shift. Many of our students used those outdated and obsolete textbooks to learn World History and Geography. The teacher disseminates that information whereas the students passively listen. In the end, what has the child learned? Obsolete, verbal information remotely regurgitated on some sort of multiple choice exams. If the child actively sought out the most recent information including the most recent maps of the New World Order, what has he/she learned? He/She learned how to find the right information and with the process of discovery he/she learned to use higher level thinking skills such as analysis, syn
thesis and evaluation to disseminate the information to his/her fellow classmates.
Why is it necessary to make the shift from the Langastrian model of teaching to student-centered? All the key elements for student-centered learning are necessary work place skills today. The key elements are
Problem-solving
Team skills
Learning how to learn
Continuous improvement
Interdisciplinary knowledge
Interacting and processing information
Technology integral learning (Cook, J & Cook, L, 1998)
Whereas, the Langastrian (Instructor-led) model focuses on
Facts
Individual effort
Passing the test
Achieving the grade
Individual courses
Receiving information
Technology separate from learning (Cook, J. & Cook, L., 1998).
As one can see, schools are a far cry from what corporate America is requiring of its workers. The education systems and the corporate systems need more alignment otherwise there will be a deficit of skilled workers entering the workforce. 'In many cases, employees educate and re-educate themselves in order to keep up with the demands of new technologies and the knowledge rich society'(Cass, G. & Csete, J, 1995). Even though student-centered learning may not be the cure all for the ailing education system it is a step in the right direction by aligning skills from the workplace and using it in the classroom setting.
How can the instructor bring student-centered learning in his/her classroom? A systemic shift needs to take place. 'Schools need to be organized around the wo
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