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From the middle of the nineteenth century began to Schopenhauer and Nietzsche life will say the will to power said, Bergson's philosophy of life and Freud's psychoanalysis, as a representative of the irrational theories formed the vocal against rational thought, and the people will overturned subjectivity Descartes and Kant laid for the rational subjectivity. Actually this kind of clue as early as irrational consciousness industrialization stage before the Elizabeth period he has set up a file in the Shakespeare's tragedies be expressed. The play, often by Shakespeare is the hero of the psychological tendency of neurosis irrational consciousness, express the desires and interests to compete for the core of social rational extreme development of human nature, and alienation and trample upon, and social own alienation and the rationalization. This is Shakespeare's tragedy ahead of the aesthetic modernity of consciousness deep expression. 英语论文网www.51lunwen.org

内容提要: 从19 世纪中期开始,以叔本华的生命意志说、尼采的权力意志说、柏格森的生命哲学和弗洛伊德的精神分析学为代表的非理性学说形成了声势浩大的反理性思潮,从而以人的意志主体性颠覆了笛卡尔和康德奠定的人的理性主体性。其实这种非理性意识的端倪早在前工业化阶段的伊丽莎白时期就已在莎士比亚悲剧中有所流露。剧中,莎士比亚往往通过具有神经症心理倾向的主人公的非理性意识,表现了以物欲和利益角逐为核心的社会理性的极端发展对人性的异化和摧残,及社会自身的异化和非理性化。这是莎士比亚悲剧超前的审美现代性意识的深刻表达。
关键词: 莎士比亚　非理性意识　神经症心理　
The Renaissance, goods of the development of the society that human subjectivity of up to an unprecedented height, against religious divine. And the reason being the on the subjective as the core of human nature. As the "I am" cartesian main body established as the master of the world, means that the main character lies in his thinking, people with self rational thinking, put everything into rational judgment of the court. All must be in the reason of the existence of court for his defense. And in Kant's there, the more thoroughly the rational man established as the purpose of all things, and rational thought became the only legitimate source all meaning. So, a lot of people think that Kant's aesthetic field is the first ZhuZhangZhe of modernity. However, the men who were with rationalism alienated crisis soon make its dominance has been challenged. As Schiller said, "no rational person is savage, only rational man is the barbarian." (1) for the rational dominate although strengthen people's survival ability, but on the other hand is what makes life wither, make the person deviating from the people's own existence significance. In fact, in Shakespeare's tragedies early industrialization stage before the Elizabeth period through psychological tendency of neurosis with the image of the protagonist, showed to pursue as the core of human development tool rationality extreme of the alienation of destruction, which reveals the irrational the beginning of consciousness. This is Shakespeare's tragedy ahead of the aesthetic modernity of consciousness deep expression.

文艺复兴时代,商品社会的发展使人的主体性提高到一个前所未有的高度,以对抗宗教神性。而理性则被认为是这种以主体性为核心的人性的本质。正如笛卡尔把“我思”主体确立为世界的主宰,意味着人的主体性就在于他的思维,人凭借着自我的理性思维,把一切都推上了理性审判的法庭。一切都必须在理性的法庭上为自己的存在辩护。而在康德那里,更彻底地把理性的人确立为万物的目的,而人的理性思维成了一切意义的唯一合法来源。因此,很多人认为康德是美学领域第一个现代性的主张者。然而,理性主义带来的人的异化的危机很快使它的主宰地位受到了挑战。正如席勒所说“, 没有理性的人是野人,只有理性的人是野蛮人。”① 因为理性的主宰虽然增强人的生存能力,但另一方面却使生命枯萎,使人偏离人自身存在的意义。其实,莎士比亚悲剧早在前工业化阶段的伊丽莎白时期就通过具有神经症心理倾向的主人公的形象,表现了以物欲为核心的工具理性极端发展对人性的异化摧残,从而流露出非理性意识的端倪。这是莎士比亚悲剧超前的审美现代性意识的深刻表达。
一、 理性和非理性的冲突及悖论构成了莎士比亚悲剧非理性意识的基础
人类是一件多么了不得的杰作! 多么高贵的理性! 多么伟大的力量! 多么优美的仪表! 多么文雅的举动! 在行为上多么像一个天使! 在智慧上多么像一个天神! 宇宙的精华! 万物的灵长! (第二幕第二场) ②哈姆莱特的著名独白,反映了莎士比亚对作为人类生存所必需的理性的关注和以理性主义为特征的时代精神的肯定。然而莎士比亚并没本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。