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Chapter 1 Literature Review 

1.1 Studies on Feedback at Home and Abroad 
Feedback, one of the most important links in teaching and learning how to write a better  composition,  has  always  been  the  major  issue  of  the  studies  on  the  second language acquisition, especially after the introduction of psycholinguistics. Since 1960s process-oriented pedagogy gradually took the place of the product-oriented pedagogy in writing evaluation as the psycholinguistics developed. Feedback, which originates in the process-oriented  approach,  is  taken  as  the  catalyst  of  language  learning.  Reader feedback  can  drive  and  guide  the  writer  to  compose  the  final  writing  product  (Keh, 1990).Many  terms  can  refer  to  error  treatment  such  as  “feedback”,  “repair”,  as  well  as “correction”.  Feedback  can  be  regarded  as  a  general  term  to  refer  to  the  information given by readers and listeners on the comprehension of the message (Ellis, 1994). The definition of the term “feedback” has not been settled as scholars try to explain it from different perspectives.   In the context of writing teaching and learning, according to Ur (1998), feedback is the information that is given on writer’s performance of a writing task usually with the purpose  of  enhancing  the  writing  products.  And  feedback  consists  of  two  cognizable components: assessment and correction. Teacher’s feedback on writing is not a negative comment but a way to make it better. Lalande (1982) defines the term feedback as any method  employed  to  inform  a  learner  of  the  validity  of  an  instructional  response.  And Wang  (2007)  concludes  that  feedback  is  the  teacher’s  evaluation  on  students’ compositions.  She  also  points  out  that  there  are  also  other  terms  used  to  express  the same  meaning  as  feedback  such  as  “response  to  writing”  and  “repair”.  Although feedback is used more frequently, these terms are exchangeable, which is in accordance with  Ellis’  research  (1994).  Zhou  (2013)  believes  that  feedback  is  an  important approach to improving learner’s learning ability in the field of teaching and researching. 
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1.2 Studies on Feedback in Writing at Home and Abroad
In the writing class, teacher feedback is considered to be one of the most common and  important  parts  in  the  students’  writing  process.  It  provides  information  and comments  that  can  help  students  avoid  similar  mistakes  in  the  future  (Reid,  1994). However, opinions about the efficacy of teacher feedback vary. On  the  one  hand,  some  scholars  belie本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。