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peter(硝石), sulphur（硫磺）, and charcoal.
Better would be to remove the colon, or else to rephrase the sentence:
The ingredients of gunpowder are as follows: saltpetre, sulphur, and charcoal.
or:
Gunpowder has three ingredients: saltpeter, sulphur, and charcoal.
III. The Comma (,)
1. Defining and Non-defining
Compare the two following sentences (a and b):
a. Pop-stars who earn fortunes should pay higher taxes.
(Defining relative clause---i.e. only those pop-stars who earn fortunes should pay higher taxes.)
b. Pop-stars, who earn fortunes, should pay higher taxes.
(Non-defining relative clause -- i.e. all pop-stars earn fortunes and therefore should pay higher taxes.)
The first sentence refers only to some pop-stars, while the second sentence refers to all pop-stars. Note that in the second sentence there are two commas (not one), to mark the beginning and the end of the clause.
The same principle operates with the words when and where.
Compare the following:
a. The day when JFK was assassinated I was crossing the Atlantic.
b. On November 22, when JFK was assassinated, I was crossing the Atlantic.
c. The town where I was stationed was pretty arid.
d. Quetta, where I was stationed, was a pretty arid place.
Note that a comma is possible in a (after assassinated), but not in c.
The same principle also extends to appositional phrases.
Compare the following:
a. Nietzsche's work The Gay Science was written in 1888.
b. Nietzsche's last work, The Gay Science（艳体诗）, was written in 1888.
c. The famous thinker Michel Foucault has just died.
d. A famous thinker, Michel Foucault, has just died.
e.The Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, has just resigned.
f. Margaret Thatcher, the Prime Minister, has just resigned.
In a the title of the work is defining, i.e. The Gay Science was only one of several works by Nietzsche. In b the title is non-defining, because only one work can be the author's last. In c Michel Foucault is not the only famous thinker; therefore, the name Michel Foucault is defining, and hence no commas. In d A famous thinker and Michel Foucault are one and the same; therefore, Michel Foucault is non-defining, and hence commas. Sentences e and f are non-defining (and therefore with commas), because in Britain there is only one Prime Minister at any one time.
Before we go on, it is impo
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