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        文化背景知识对生态文化方面的翻译的影响

           The Influences of Cultural Background Knowledge on Translation in ecological cultural aspect

        彼得纽马克说，文化背景知识可以分为五类：生态学包括动物，植物，地理，山脉，平原，等文化；物质文化包括食物，衣服，住房，交通，社会文化等；包括工作与休闲的人们的方式和他们的态度；组织文化，习俗和思想包括政治，法律，宗教，艺术方面；和手势和习惯的培养（95）。所有这些文化背景知识起着重要的作用在中文和英文翻译。

        As Peter Newmark said, cultural background knowledge can be classified into five categories: the culture of ecology including animals, plants, geography, mountains, plains, etc; material culture including food, clothes, housing, transport, etc; social culture including people’s manner of work and leisure and their attitudes toward them; the culture of organizations, customs and ideas including political, legal, religious，artistic aspects; and the culture of gestures and habits (95). And all these culture background knowledge pay the important role in Chinese and English translation. 

        以下是关于生态文化背景知识在英语和汉语这将对所有的翻译，一个很大的帮助，同时，它可以帮助明确如何将这些背景知识翻译的影响。

        The following is about ecology culture background knowledge in English and Chinese which will be a great help to all the translators, and also, it can help to make clear that how these background knowledge influence translation.  https://www.51lunwen.org/yingyulunwengeshi/
        China is located in Asia that each season has its own feature. Torridity is the main feature in summer. However, England is located in Northern Europe and its summer is warm and comfortable. Thus, Summer is always connected with extremely hot or the intense heat, the words “赤日炎炎”, “酷暑难熬”are the best description of summer in Chinese. But Shakespeare has a sonnet that describes summer like this: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate.” Shakespeare used summer to compare with his lover, who is lovely and warm in the poem. From this point, we can see that “summer” has so distinct association in Chinese and English culture. If the translator doesn’t know this point, it will certainly cause mistranslation.
In Chinese culture, spring is warm and colorful, and it is regarded as the beginning of all lives. There are many idioms refer to spring in China： “春意盎然”(spring is very much in the air), “万紫千红总是春”(it is spring when the gayest colours abound). Spring has the image of good things in China, so Chinese “春” is used in some idioms to express this: “满面春风” (one’s face radiates happiness), “春风化雨”(the life-giving spring breeze and rain---salutary influence of education.
        Britain is located in western hemisphere, with North Temperate Zone and marine climate, so “west” wind is the symbol of spring. The west wind blows from the Atlantic Ocean as warm and gentle as Chinese east wind and brings voluminous rain to this area. So, the word “rain” embraces its distinct implication in English culture. For instance, in England, “rainy day” means Poor Period, the meaning of “as right as rain” is “absolutely correct”, etc. 
Geographic characteristics bring about specific natural phenomenon that exists only in a specific area. Readers in a different cultural background may never understand it if the translators don't make necessary explanation. For example, due to the special geogr本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。