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ions that cannot use literal translation on his theory.
　　　　(A)If a sentence pattern has some rhetoric involvements, translating literally is not suitable. In Chinese indication, there are massive rhetoric techniques that people use frequently; including many figures of speech so that it is difficult for people to use them to express ourselves clearly by literal translation way. Even if the identical figures of speech, because of the different situations, making them literally translated is also not suitable. For example：
　　　一贫如洗as poor as a church mouse. we use Simile here, but if we translate very poor or quite poor, the sentence would be ridiculous and it is not the original meaning we transmit. So we can use free translation：as poor as a church mouse
2). Johnson was a dark horse. we use metaphor here if we translate “Johnson是一匹黑色的马”then the words fail to express the original meaning .Now had to use the free translation：Johnson是个不鸣则已，一鸣惊人的人。
(B) Metonymy can not be translated literally. For example：
从童年时起，他就开始学习英语 we can translate to
In his cradle, he started to learn English.
in this translation, “cradle” is metonymy, it is not a real cradle.
(C)Allusion cannot be translated literally. If it is the common knowledge people can translate it literally without any explanation. But if most of the people don’t know this allusion, it should be translated freely or added some notation to its literal translation meaning. For example：“在进攻太原时，他吃了大败仗” When invading Taiyuan, he met his Waterloo.
in this sentence ‘meet one's Waterloo’ is the European literary quotation from Napoleon ’s fiasco in Waterloo, so it must free translated ,.
(D). Idiomatic usage can not be translated literally. Modern Chinese expression contains rich customary idioms, which makes Chinese have the expression strength and the power extremely. Some of them can be translated literally but some can’t. Then only free translation can be used. Such as：趁热打铁Strike while the iron is hot，
要善始善终Good to begin well, better to end well.

4. How to combine literal translation and free translation properly
When talking about phrase translation, it is easy for us to think the bilingual use. This involves the usage of the suitable methods; it usually refers to ‘Literal Translation’ and ‘Free Translation’. The literal translation may take the seat according to ticket number and word-to-word translation; however, adjusting and changing the word class are necessary, word order, sentence type and certain sentence’s ingredients. After that, people can make the translation “the end of product” becomes both “faithfully and smoothly” ”created work”. If translating literally invalid or it perhaps is not ideal, we have to use Free Translation. Some sentences only have to translate literally that can be understood easily，such as“心心相印（know each other's mind）” And so on the quite simple sentences，we don’t need to transform the word in order to translate very much well. But because of the language expression difference