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ugh Rawson's A Dictionary of Euphemisms and Other Doubletalk is regarded as amilestone in the study of euphemism. The preface to the dictionary almost covers everyaspect of euphemism research, such as the history, definition，classification，scope and soPeter Newmark，in his Approaches to Translation^ took euphemism as a kind ofmetaphor and held that 'Euphemisms are invariably metaphors and the images oftenhave to be replaced by a cultural equivalent, unless the translator is trying to inform thereader rather than affect him in a way similar to the SL reader' (Peter Newmark: 1981).Inl983, American scholars J. S, Newman and C. G. Silver published Kind words—AThesaurus of Euphemisms which was their masterpiece on euphemism. The bookdescribed the origin，history，development of and the motives for euphemisms in a detail.The authors thought that the earliest euphemism was used in the religious aspect and twomain reasons for euphemizing were the desire to placate the mysterious forces ruling theuniverse and to avoid offending others.
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2.2 Previous Research on Subtitle Translation in Desperate Housewives
Qian Shaochang’ a prominent professional in audiovisual translation and professorin Shanghai International Studies University, advocated that more concerns should beplaced in the field of audiovisual translation in his article Film Translation-a Field ofGrowing Importance in Translation (Qian Shaochang, 2001). He discussed thedistinctions between written language and film language and listed five features of thelatter. He also shared his private experience in film translation and pointed out'expressiveness' is the most important one among three translation principles in filmtranslation.Li Yunxing, a professor in Tianjin Normal University, held that 'the basic request ofsubtitling is just to provide the utmost sufficient information in the supreme economicway within the spatial and temporal restriction during the translation process' (LiYunxing, 2001) in his article Strategies for Translating Subtitling. He also analyzed theattributes of subtitling in terms of informative function, time-space constraints andcultural factors. Accordingly Professor Li presented applicable strategies for subtitlingwith specific examples for illustration.Liu Ning from Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, in the Master's thesisPurposejul Translation and Subtitling Translation Activities, taking DesperateHousewives as an example, explored the relevant questions and strategies aboutaudiovisual subtitling based on the Skopostheorie. It also in details explained that thefunction and purpose of the TT was the fundamental principle to guide the choices oftranslation strategies for a translator.
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Chapter Three A General View of English Euphemism and its Translation........ 9
3.1 The Definition of English Euphemism........9
3.2 The Communicative Functions of English Euphemism........ 10
3.2.1 The Function of Evasion ........  10
3.2.2 The Function of Politeness  ........ 11
3.2.3 The Function of Concealment ........  11
3.2.4 The Function of Beautification ........12
3.3 The Importance about the Translation of English Euphemism........ 13
3.4 The Translation of English Euphemism in Audiovisual Subtitles........ 14
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