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that year. Du Bois wanted to use this speech to commemorate this man.At this time, the faith that he would change the status of blacks in the United Statesand even in the world had sprouted in his heart.
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Chapter One The Purposes of Black Education

In the eyes of black leaders, education has never been just a way of learningknowledge or changing one’s fate, it is more connected with the development andimprovement of the whole race. Black educators during the Civil War thoughteducation was closely connected with the emancipation and development of blackpeople. As a famous black leader and educator, Du Bois always held the view thateducation could change the society, could promote the rise of African Americans, andcould also change the fate of the whole race. In his system of black education whichconsists of the purpose, contents and methods of black education, the purpose ofblack education holds an important place. This chapter will elaborate Du Bois’ ideasof the purpose of black education, based on the comparison and contrast with BookerT.Washington’s ideas of education..

1.1 The Cultivation of Black Elite: The Talented Tenth
“The Talented Tenth” is one of the most distinguished works among Du Bois’early writings. It was published in 1903 as the second chapter of The Negro Problem.The phrase first came from ABHMS (American Baptist Home Mission Societies) in1896, whose purpose was to establish black universities and cultivate black elite.Using this phrase, Du Bois hoped to develop the idea of cultivating the most talentedblack men and women into elite people who could pull the black mases at the bottomupward and lead them on the way to the uplift of the whole black race througheducation.The Negro problem had been long a tough question in American society. Blackshad been an inferior race in the eyes of whites for a long period, and did not deservehaving the same rights as whites. Even some free blacks were in an embarrassingposition, neither enjoying freedom nor completely losing rights. Whitediscrimination against blacks was deep-rooted. This kind of discrimination hadseriously hindered the development of Abolition Movement in the past. Though theCivil War abolished slavery, it did not solve the Negro problem. Most of the freeblacks had nothing to live on. They had to sell their labor to the former slave owners,hence many of them were tied to the land by labor contracts and endless debts andwere oppressed again. Although the federal government had enacted the 13th, 14thand 15th constitutional amendments to protect the civil rights of blacks, andCongress had enacted four civil rights laws to protect the political and legal status ofblacks, the South still carried on in its own way. In short, after the abolition ofslavery in the United States, blacks were still at the bottom of the society, politicallydeprived of many rights, economically exploited brutally, discriminated and bulliedin society.
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1.2 Comparison with Booker T. Washington on the Purpose of Education
Booker T. Washington is an famous black leader and black educator during thelate 19thand early 20thcentury in America, and he has made important contributionsto the development and progress of the African Americans. Before comparing himwith Du Bois, it is necessary for us to understand his ideas and actions.Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was born in a plantation in Franklin,Virg