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e common meaning of the soul after people’s death, it also has another four derogatory senses. For instance, coward; stealthy; have ulterior motives; horror weather or place. But in oral Chinese, ghost sometimes means clever, which severs a commendatory word, such as smart kids . Besides, we call foreign invaders as “guizi”, which means devils. This becomes a proper nouns in Modern Chinese. Furthermore, ghost culture research can help people to look squarely at the foolish superstitions in folk customs. InChina, ghost superstitions are in vogue not only in feudal society but also in Republic of China period. Even today, many ignorant people are still obsessed by ghost superstitions. The government of Hai’an County, Jiangsu Province issued that citizens live in the county must be cremated after death since April 1st on March 5, 1993. As a result, about 40 old people committed suicide before April 1st only for having coffin to carry their dead bodies and buried in the ground. They believed that bury the remains could bring peace to them. If they were cremated, their body would be destroyed and could not continue their next life through reincarnation. And in western countries, superstitions also exist. A latest survey shows that 53% Americans admit they are a little bit superstitious and 25% Americans confess they believe in superstitions. Superstitions are also prevailing in British society. 80% British will habitually knock wood in order to avoid misfortune. Ghost superstitions cause negative social phenomenon. Revealing these foolish superstitions through ghost culture research, we can turn negative to positive.
 
Actually, Chinese concept toward ghosts varies from people to people. In Some people especially Buddhists’ view, ghosts are one of six forms of deceased person’s existence in the world. After death, man accesses to the heaven, or drops for the domestic animal, or continues human life by reincarnation, or becomes hungry ghost, or goes to the hell, or goes to asura. They project the ghost world and believe that the soul of human does not disappear after death and accesses to the ghost world called the hell. The hell, where hold the principle “As a man sows, so let him reap”, is supervised by the king of the hell and other administrators in the hell. If you are an evil man when you are alive, you will be punished in the hell. If you are a very kind person when you are alive, you will have a happy next life. That is what goes around comes around. And some other people like Daoists hold that human is formed of two energies: Yin and Yang (Zhang Wenli 69). Man is in the position between gods and ghosts. And gods belong to Yang while ghosts belong to Yin. This conclusion is based on the Theory of Yin-Yang which is put forward by Daoism to explain the elements that constitute the world and life.
 
3.2 Ghost concept in western
 
In western countries, the defination of ghost involves evil spirit and soul. Obvious, it is influenced by the Christian. In the translation of Bible never find a word of “ghost”, instead by Demon and Satan. The word Demon comes from Greek daimon, its original meaning is the supernatural, in a short word, it is soul. In the Old Testament, Demon is highly damaging, which can cause a nation’s perish. They are Destoryers, Spoiters. In the New testament, it at least has two categories: a. unclean spirit, Demon; b. Satan, Damon. From above materials, we can noti本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。