摘要:本文首先介绍了鬼文化的定义及价值。鬼文化是人类活动的产物,也是人类社会文化的重要组成部分。其次介绍了中西方人对鬼的认知,展现中西方人的鬼文化观念差异。文学和民俗是文化诠释人类世界的手段。因此,本文在文化层面上从文学和民俗角度浅析中西鬼文化存在的差异;并在此基础上分析总结出中西鬼文化差异的原因。通过浅析中西鬼文化,了解中西方人价值观的差异,从而促进跨文化交际。
ce that in western peoples’ minds, ghost has a close relationship with Demon and Satan, Devil. The Oxford English gives four aspects of ghost: a. the dead spirit or soul, especially this reappearing in living bodies; b. the center of the spirit; c. demon; d. phantom, often appearing in the mind or haunting memory. Therefore, the ghost in western countries refers to, from abroad sense, demon or soul. The basic meaning often used is the imagination after death.
Besides, western culture is deeply influenced by Greek culture in which ghosts do exist. Greeks believe the coexistence of gods and ghosts and think they are in a top-down hierarchy. The idea that ghost never vanish from western culture as God does is in line with Christianity’s doctrine and has deeply rooted in western culture and in the hearts of the people.
4. Analysis of Chinese and western ghost culture
Daniel Bell thought that culture provided explanation for human life, helped them solve the difficulties they confronted. By means of art and folk rites, culture paraphrased the meaning of world through an imaginative way (qtd. in肖向明8). Undoubtedly, ghost culture also has the function of providing explanation for human life based on views of people. Literature and folk custom are exactly the means that ghost culture employs to express the meaning of world.
4.1Chinese and western ghost culture in literature
Ghost though is a worldwide literary phenomenon, people's different livelihood and feelings especially religious believes cover the ghost novel writing with strong individual characters.China's ghost stories appeared in the Six Dynasties, most of the content is to write ghost. But there are also many is written for the mysterious foxes. In Tang Yuan and Ming Dynasties, vernacular Chinese novels have developed rapidly such as Journey to the West. In Qing Dynasty, Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio (a classic literature work with a collection of about 500 stories by Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty) represents thepeakofMystery Novels. However, ghost stories exist in all western literature styles, from folk stories to religious writings and modern horror stories. In many English texts, they can be used to as independent plot, or the short stories in the main narration. For instance, The Friar's Story in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, Shakespeare's Hamlet and other drama and gothic novel in Renaissance. As the late of 18th century and the early time of 19th century’ s most widely circulated literature genre, gothic novel is mysterious, horror and creepy. The story mostly took place in ancient medieval castles, where sounded by underground chamber, secrets stair and channel, dangerous room with the spooky ghost wandering. It deliberately manufacture horrible environment, and ghost plays a decisive role. TheUnited Statesis not a “no ghosts place”. From Allan Poe’s grim description of ghost, Henry Thoreau’s “Each track lays a Irish” to the world-shaking, tearing love between human and ghost in Ghost, the trace and influence of ghost is in everywhere. It involves in phantom like ghost as well as vampire. It both reflects the spirit of death into the concept of the body, and has close ties with Christ.
4.2Chinese and western ghost religious complex in literature
Supernatural concepts and religious culture are not divided, At the
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