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论文题目：organisational change
论文语种：英文
您的研究方向：startegic management
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您的国家：英国
您的学校背景：普通大学
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论文用途：硕士预科作业
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补充要求和说明：按作业要求来写和标题。附件上有learningoutcome，那是评分要求。写的时候要尽量把上面要求的知识点写了才会有分。

British Institute of Technology & E-commerce

Organizational Change

1. Introduction 

Any of individuals or groups has to face all kinds of changes https://www.51lunwen.org/zuzhixingweixue/ like technological advances, political reforms, economic depressions, personal attitude shifts and others, which are paid attention to by the organizational managers to cope with the pressure from the organizational changes. For instance, McDonald’s Cooperation is a typical organization to study its external environment changes so as to make some significant changes about its products; its Happy Meals with fresh fruit instead of the french fries are a successful change to adapt to the market demand from the parents who keep the french fries away from their children in U.K. (Carpenter, D., 2006) Referred to this change of McDonald’s product change decision, the actions of managers are worth pondering.  Before the change was taken, there had to take many problems into consideration to managers. Why change and what are needed to be changed? If change is needed, what kind of vision of the future is rational and practical? How to take these plans into practice? How to confirm that the change is successful? To answer these questions, the managers must take organizational change models into consideration.
This paper takes this change of McDonald’s Happy Meals as an example to analyze how to cope with organizational changes with using theories of change strategies. In the first place, this paper concludes four types of change models the managers often use and the actions they generally take to deal with changes. Next, this paper uses typical Lewin’s model to develop a change strategy, and identifies the deficiencies of Lewin’s. Then, in order to go more deeply into the organizational change, recent Kotter’s model is offered to replenish the former model and a comparison is given. At last, this paper lists an analysis of an organizational response to change.

2. A Presentation of Change Models
3. Analysis of an Organizational Change Implementation 
4. Organizational Development and the Impact of Change Strategies

5. Conclusion

Throughout the whole text, this paper identifies a range of organizational change models, and Lewin’s three-stage model is used to analyze how to develop a change strategy. An appraisement of Lewin’s model is provided and in order to go deeper into the organizational change model and replenish the Lewin’s, recent Kotter’s eight-step model is introduced as well as a comparison with Lewin’s. Besides, some strategies the organizations often take to monitor the processes of change and minimize the adverse effects of change are presented.  

Reference

Block, P. 2000, Flawless Consulting, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco

Carpenter, D. 2006, McDonald’s profit sizzles, Associated Press

Cooperrider, D.L. & Whitney, D. & Trosten-Bloom, A. 2003, the Power of Appreciative Inquiry: a Practical Guide to Positive Change, Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco

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