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Accounting Assignment代写|探索马来西亚目前的财务问题
Exploring Current Financial Issues In Malaysia

马来西亚的经济结构在很大程度上是由服务业和工业为主，占经济比重的48%和42%。马来西亚有最开放的经济体之一的亚洲有一个进出的货物和服务出口价值占到GDP的159%。然而，由于全球经济衰退马来西亚经历了一个急剧下降，其出口产品的外部需求。这导致了在2009年GDP减少1.7%。该国还挫败了政府和政治反对派之间的激烈和频繁的冲突，减缓了政策改革的速度。石油收入是由石油收入税、出口税和费占政府总收入的40%。马来西亚一直遵循积极的产业政策，运用多种激励措施，包括税收政策以促进经济和社会目标。
此外，这并没有帮助增加预算赤字和大比例的收入来自石油。马来西亚政府在平衡预算的过程中遇到了一定的困难。自从1970年，马来西亚赤字已经慢慢积累甚至在经济好转和衰退时期认为预算赤字不仅对国家的金融结构，但也显示出明显的缺乏财政自律。

The economic structure of Malaysia is largely dominated by services and industry, which makes up 48% and 42% of the economy respectively. Malaysia has one of the most open economies in Asia having an import and export value of goods and services amounting to 159% of GDP (Vincent et al. (1997). However, Malaysia has experienced a steep decline in external demand for its export products as a result of the global recession. This has resulted in a GDP reduction of 1.7% in 2009 (RaboBank, 2010). The country is also thwarted with fierce and frequent conflict between the Government and political opposition parties which has slowed policy reform. Oil revenues are comprised of petroleum income tax, export duties and royalties which make up 40% of total Government revenue (RaboBank, 2010). Malaysia has long followed an aggressive industrial policy using various incentives including tax policy to promote both economic and social goals (Alavi, 1996).

Furthermore, this has not been helped with an increasing budget deficit and a large percentage of revenue generated from oil (Taha & Loganathan, 2008). The Malaysian government has experienced certain difficulties in balancing its budget. Ever since 1970, the Malaysian deficit has been slowly accumulating even during periods of economic upturns and downturns (Narayanan, 2007). This has prompted the view that the budget deficit is not only structural to the financial structure of the country, but also shows an apparent lack of fiscal discipline (Saifuddin, 2008).

Fiscal Spending has been an active policy tool in promoting the National Economic Policy (NEP)'s objectives; to eradicate poverty and restructure society (Salim and Zalina, 2008). However, this was ended in 1986 when the budget reached an unsustainable level. There have been rigorous effects to minimise the deficit which resulted in a small budget surplus (Narayanan, 2007). However, during periods of decline such as the Asian crisis of 1997, the government attempted to introduce anti-cyclical fiscal policies which saw expenditure surpass revenues. This has led to a national deficit of 7% of GDP in 2009; a 22-year high, which has triggered a 67 billion ringgit stimulus package to help revive growth (Bloomberg, 2010).

It has been Malaysia's substantial oil revenues and large domestic savings that have helped manage the deficit (Taha and Loganathan, 2008). According to the New York Times, taxes and royalties from oil and gas have amounted to 40 percent of Malaysian government revenue, up from about 10 percent a decade ago. However, as the impact of the global economic crisis continues, it will have a major impact on countries dependant on oil revenue. This is seen now with Malaysia's declining oil reserves and lower oil revenues because of a fall in global oil prices (Langdon, 2007).

As oil prices remain truncated due to the adverse demand by developed countries, it will negatively aff