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from the cognitive and psychological perspective as the beliefs, ideas and impressions that people make on the object, which is formed by one’s subjective or mental perceptions. According to Liang (2013), image is built by the representation of one’s direct embodied or indirect experiences from observations, languages, pictures, videos, etc.  National image and regional image as the two hotspots in interdisciplinary researches have been defined and studied from different angles, thus there is no fixed definitions of them (Sun, 2009; Li, 2011). Accordingly, the definition of national image varies from distinct scholars who have proposed generally accepted definitions. For example, Boulding (1959), as the founder of national image studies, has defined it as the total cognitive, affective and evaluative structure of behavioral units (nations), by which a nation can be described from a set of variables, such as states of war or peace, alliance or enmity, geographic extent, hostility or friendliness, etc. Herrmann et al. (1997) has combined cognitive theory to expound the essence of national image. 

2.2 Previous Studies on Greater Bay Area

Since Greater Bay Area initiative proposed in 2018, there is a booming in GBA related researches with researching locus varying from GBA’s ecological environment, its tourism development, sharing educational resources among universities in member cities, its economic and future development and GBA related news reports. Recent researches mainly shed the lights on GBA (Plan)’s feasibility (Shen, Xie & Yang, 2019), strategic development (Duan, 2018; Chen, 2019; Mi, 2019) and challenges (Wu, 2019), which are mainly conducted by economic and strategic experts. They have conducted the qualitative researches to show that the responsibilities GBA is supposed to undertake to improve its ecological environment (Weng, 2020). 

However, still few scholars have studied GBA image construction from various perspectives. A group of scholars tend to research on the brand image of GBA and attempt to explore optional approaches for building a joint regional GBA image. For example, Kirillova et al. (2020) tend to perceive GBA as a travelling destination from the perspective of brand marketing. Based on Corporate Identity System, Du (2021) argues GBA image is constructed from Mind Identity, Behavior Identity, Visual Identity, Space Identity and Product identity. He (Du, 2021) suggests that a professional consulting team should be established to propel the construction of GBA brand image and thus to highlight distinctive features of each cities in GBA. Besides, Lai (2021) concentrates on the visual design of GBA image, for instance, she argues the vision, mascot and logo are vital elements in the micro-construction of GBA image. Furthermore, there are also scholars who came up with creative models to investigate how the public views the GBA image. 

CHAPTER THREE  THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .............................. 17

3.1 Conceptual Metaphor Theory ............................ 17

3.2 Critical Metaphor Analysis ................................ 20

CHAPTER FOUR  METHODOLOGY ............................... 27

4.1 Research Questions ............................. 27

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