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论文作者:英语论文论文属性:职称论文 Scholarship Papers登出时间:2012-04-16编辑:lena ding点击率:9641
论文字数:3055论文编号:org201204161045078757语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:GDPthe green GDPvalue index of resources environment accountingrevise
摘要:目前国内生产总值(GDP)反映了些许负面影响,如何采用衰竭式和资源环境恶化去保持国民经济的可持续发展。修订后的基本思想是:国民经济核算为出发点,利用效果的经济过程中使用的环境资源的输入和经济产出的测算,最终找到国内生产总值(GDP),调整经济资源环境、绿色GDP(国民生产总值)。
i. Material index of resources environment accounting
1). Mineral energy resources. Main indicators: the amount of mineral energy resources, savings, extraction volume and the volume of waste generated.
2)Land resources. Main indicators: the number of depletion of arable land, land mass index, desertification and soil erosion index.
3)Water. Main indicators: available surface and underground fresh water reserves in the depletion of the number of declining water quality of freshwater resources, pollution and the degree of flooding.
4). Forest resources. Key indicators are: forest area, forest harvest and harvest density, forest disaster area.
5). Marine resources. Main indicators: coastal water quality, water pollution and the decline in the number of coastal biological resources.
6). Grassland resources. Key indicators are: grassland, grassland depletion volume, lawn mass index, grassland degradation (particularly desertification and alkalization) the number of affected grass area.
ii. The value index of resources environment accounting
Loss of material resources and the environment (or improvement) can be carried out only through the summary reflects the accounting value, and enter the GDP system, and then make the appropriate amendment to the GDP. Resources and environmental accounting of the value index system includes the following six areas:
(1) Depletion of resources and environmental costs. Is the result of production and consumption of life and nature's own erosion, resulting in the total material resources and environmental depletion, depletion of the value of these amounts to reflect the cost depletion. Of the depletion cost accounting, the first nine substances should be the targets and indicators relevant statistics of detail (such as mineral energy resources can refer to the statistical classification standard developed by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral, etc.), then according to statistics of the results account for the stock of resources and the environment, usage and volume depletion, and the corresponding Value.
(2) The loss of resources and environment costs. That is, the cost of environmental degradation of resources (Degradation Cost), is the result of irrational consumption on the environment or the lack of effective protection measures and human resources and the environment because of the pollution and damage to the deterioration of environmental quality of resources (down), while their sustainable development and caused direct economic losses and potential losses. The loss of the resources and the environment cost accounting, can be the first indicators of the above statistics of nine categories, then the relevant functional departments of the Government to develop the resources and environmental quality standards were analyzed and compared, identifying those resources and the environment does not meet appropriate quality standards, exceeding or not What is the difference between compliance, quality of degradation on the environment related degree and extent of damage.
(3) The cost of resources and the environment restoration and regeneration costs. Recovery cost is the people in the development and utilization of resources and environment at the same time a pollution, destruct本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。