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The real estate market risk of banks

论文作者:英语论文论文属性:职称论文 Scholarship Papers登出时间:2014-03-11编辑:caribany点击率:11202

论文字数:4473论文编号:org201403092150436389语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文

关键词:REAL ESTATERISK OF BANKSConsequences for Managing Riskreal estate loansrisk management instruments

摘要:If real estate risk management is further developing as described above, it should not be too complicated to integrate the real estate market risk because after all it is just one more market risk.

THE REAL ESTATE MARKET RISK OF BANKS


银行的房地产市场风险


- Evidence of its Importance and Consequences for Managing Risk in Real Estate Lending -

-证据的重要性和房地产贷款风险的结果-

THE REAL ESTATE MARKET RISK OF BANKS

银行的房地产市场风险

- Evidence of its Importance and Consequences for Managing Risk in Real Estate Lending -

-证据的重要性和房地产贷款风险的结果-


Real Estate Lending is a risky business.  There is ample evidence from many countries for
heavy bank losses or even failures caused by defaulted real estate loans.  Particularly during real
estate crises the losses tend to rise dramatically so that in some cases the banking system as a whole

is endangered. 


房地产贷款是一个高风险的业务。有来自许多国家的证据表明造成重大银行损失甚至失败违约的房地产贷款。特别是在房地产危机的时候,损失往往大幅上升。在某些情况下,整个银行系统处在危险当中。


 It seems that lenders do not have the right instruments for managing all the risks
inherent to real estate loans.  On the other hand proper instruments cannot exist if the nature of real
estate risks is not completely known.  Therefore it is necessary to create new risk management

instruments—based on a sound analysis of real estate risks and of the demands on risk management.


看来,银行没有合适的工具来管理所有房地产贷款的内在风险。另一方面适当的工具就不能存在,如果房地产风险的性质并不完全清楚。因此有必要创建新的风险管理工具,基于分析房地产风险和对风险管理的要求。


1.  The real estate-related assets of banks and their risks


In countries with a large scope of permissible real estate activity, real estate often
constitutes a major part of the banks‘ balance sheet.  In Germany, for instance, housing loans alone
make up over 40 percent of all loans; add to this loans for commercial real estate, loans to the
construction industry, direct real estate investments or revenue from real estate-related services (real
estate brokerage, real estate trusts, etc.), and you can safely assume that most Geman banks are
dominated by their real estate holdings.
Figure 1: Types of real estate-related assets
Type Example
Direct investment
Real estate for investment purposes Acquisition of a property to rescue a loan
Other real estate owned Bank headquaters
Real estate leasing Construction and leasing of buildings
Loans
Loans to the construction and real estate industry Loans to real estate developers
Mortgage loans Housing Loans to private customers
Indirect investments
Fee income from real estate-related activities Real estate brokerage
Income from Real estate trusts Fees as the initiator of a REIT
Capital investments in real estate companies Dividends from REITs
                                                

1


  Precise figures for these activities are not available because they are not separately stated on the balance sheets of German banks or in statistics of the Deutsche Bundesbank.The link between the various types of real estate activities as shown in figure 1 is that they are e论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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