留学生经济学作业assignment [3]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-09-01编辑:zcm84984点击率:7652
论文字数:3209论文编号:org201408302254439887语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:非洲大陆贫困经济学留学生作业poverty
摘要:这是一篇留学生经济作业assignment,众所周知,经济发展的关键是这个地区不断地吸引投资的能力,但是非洲地区多年缺乏适当的政治领导,这对经济发展有着其明显的影响。
education, it is obvious that ability to read and write opens the vast opportunity to the employees in performing jobs that are more complex.Sub Saharan Africa accounts for 47% of out- of - school children worldwide, including Nigeria, with one in nine children out-of-school children( UNESCO:EFAGMR 2009). The issue of education should have been taken more seriously. In fact the higher the educational level that an employee posses the higher the productivity and earning (Ajayi & Khan 2000). Africa's literacy rate is less than 60% (UNESCO:EFAGMR 2007). Thus, the long run economic development of the African continent has been greatly jeopardized as shown by cross sectional results that indicate correlation between the quality of human labor and long run development.
There has been considerable literature that has proved the effect of working conditions of workers especially health are directly related to their productivity. In the African states, there is a general underestimation of the effects of the health and suitable working conditions on the productivity. In the continent, the multi-nationals established sweatshops that are poorly administered. In addition, there are poorly developed laws that serve to ensure the fair treatment of employed people. In these countries, the working condition is an important factor due to the nature of strenuous labor that the economic activities entail. Another labor dimension that has received minimal attention in the African states is the on job training. Having established that there is a direct relation between the nature of labor and the economic growth matrix it is important to state that on the job training is a quality additive.
iii. Political leadership
The African continent has to certain extent experienced economic underdevelopment mainly because of the nature of political leadership. The political leadership in the region has been marred by instability and corruption. This has resulted into reduced investor confidence in these economies as compared to other developing nations. The political foundations that support the nature of economies can thus be termed as weak. The other results have bee gross inequalities in the distribution of wealth among the population.
Categorically stated there are different ways that the political instability that exists in the continent can be linked to the underdevelopment. First, the productivity of existing resources is affected because there are higher transaction costs that arise due to the negative interaction between people and organizations (Doyal & Pennell 1985). In addition political instability increase the uncertainty that investors experience in as country thus making the region of high risk. Due to the risk averseness, majority of investors are likely not to intentionally direct funds that way. Another obvious result of political instability, perhaps indirectly is the reduced accumulation of resources. In fact, infrastructure and other technological developments are unlikely to be initiated.
Political instability does not always come inform of political wars and struggle but it takes the other form of poor or suppressive political leadership that opens the door wide for vices like corruption, proliferation of rules and regulations. In addition, other vices that cannot be avoided are misallocation of resources and bureaucratic inefficiencies. As noted, all these negat
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