留学生经济学作业assignment [4]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-09-01编辑:zcm84984点击率:7711
论文字数:3209论文编号:org201408302254439887语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:非洲大陆贫困经济学留学生作业poverty
摘要:这是一篇留学生经济作业assignment,众所周知,经济发展的关键是这个地区不断地吸引投资的能力,但是非洲地区多年缺乏适当的政治领导,这对经济发展有着其明显的影响。
ive effects will affect the future in that they will inhibit the accumulation of capital both human and physical.
There is another aspect that is associated with the political instability that is very important in the development and growth of the economy, technological development. There are two divisions in this. The first is the embodied technical progress that is characterized by new technological advances on old products in that they are improved. The other type is the disembodied technology that is characterized by original and new technology coming into the market. The entire mentioned point can only be attained through research and study. This calls for investment in terms of funds (Ajayi & Khan 2000). These cannot be done at all if the political culture and leadership is characterized by impunity and corruption. First, there will be no planning that is likely to be initiated and secondly the political instability will create a large uncertainty regarding the returns to investment given that there is gross violation of property laws.
Another impact is the migration of financial and human capital from the state and continent. This is because political instability has a weakening effect on the government's ability to form policies inducing economic growth. This is concerning the long-term growth because the governments that are involved have been observed to involve implementing and developing policies that encourage rent-seeking (Doyal & Pennell 1985). This will ultimately lead to economic stagnation. In fact, the African states have been noted to have the nature of leadership that seeks to optimize its reign by fleecing the possible amount of resources and so leaving little capital to their successors. This implies that there is a high rate of
taxation on capital that consequently leads to capital plight that is accompanied by low investment and the eventual result is economic stagnation.
The distribution of income and allocation of government expenditures is altered in scenarios where the political environment is immature. For instance the taxation may have the tendency to be skewed toward the politically powerful. This brings the undesirable effects of unequal distribution of wealth and other economic inefficiencies. The taxation may also be skewed to favor unproductive activities such as luxury consumer goods or amenities of less importance (Adelman &Morris 1973). This is witnessed in African states where there are countries that spend majority of their resources in securing their administration inform of heavy military investment at the expense of other important prospects such as health and education. The private sector in these countries suffers from these actions in that the government does not compliment the activities by not contributing to public capital accumulation.
Let be stated that attaining economic development is utterly impossible in the absence of a strong and democratic political leadership. This is because there needs to be balanced and fair regulation of the capitalist markets that can have downturn effects if not watched. There also needs the political will to resist negative capitalist tendencies while encouraging active equal participation and involvement of the citizens.
iv. Debt accumulation
Due to some of the reasons stated earlier, the African states have heavily accumulated debt. There have been big b
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