英语论文网

scape.

CRISIL research discusses the various policies like JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission), RAY (Rajiv Gandhi Awas Yojana), NUHHP (National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy), Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor etc. undertaken by the government to cater to the housing needs in urban areas targeting the urban poor.

Given the magnitude of the housing shortage and budgetary constraints of both the central and state Governments, it is clear that public sector efforts will not suffice in fulfilling the housing demand. While it is the Government’s endeavor to encourage multiple stake-holders namely, the private sector, the cooperative sector, the industrial sector for labor housing and the services/institutional sector for employee housing, these players have not been forthcoming to take the lead and share the burden of developing houses for the poor.

The Government is seeking to promote various types of public-private partnerships for realizing the goal of ‘affordable housing for all’. But for this to work, the Government will need to provide an enabling environment and the right kind of incentives and subsidies to the right target audience, so as to maximize the amount of housing that can be generated with least amount of Government funding.

The share of the private sector in infrastructure development is expected to go up to 50 percent of the total outlay in the 12th Five Year Plan period. In order to overcome the overall deficit of 18.78 million in housing, the PPP can be engaged to accelerate access to housing through provisions of services, lower costs of production, access to mortgage finance, better quality, faster delivery times, mobilization of resources etc.

KPMG Advisory Report, (2010) stated that PPP can be effectively used to bring down the land, construction and other costs by effectively using available government land, land banking, relaxation of FSI, cross subsidization, exemption from sales tax and custom duty and single window clearance involved in the construction of affordable houses. PPP can also help in housing finance by providing mortgage financing, access to lower cost of capital, relaxation of External Commercial Borrowing (ECB), increase in income tax ceiling on housing loans and also help in development of urban infrastructure.

This report aims at how PPP can bridge in the gap for provision of affordable housing to urban poor by bringing in large equity, housing finance, improve service delivery and governance and also protect the risks of developers and government towards development of such schemes.

Basic Definitions:-

The definitions of various terms related to housing are stated as under:

Urban Area: CRISIL (2010) as per Census 2001 defined urban area as follows:

All statutory places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc.

A place satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously:

Minimum population of 5000

At least 75 percent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits.

Density of population of at least 400 per square kilometer

Household: CRISIL (2010) defined ‘household’ as a group of persons who live together and take their meals from a common kitchen. Persons in a househ