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论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-10-27编辑:yangcheng点击率:10016
论文字数:3543论文编号:org201410241212365149语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:美国留学生环境经济学留学作业Water Supply
摘要:本文是一篇美国留学生环境经济学作业,本文将展示环保市场的基本面和其对于供水行业的应用。私营和公有制的相对优势将被考虑,每一个关键特征会得到识别。
Concluding Thoughts:
This essay endeavours to demonstrate how the decision to adopt market environmentalism is complicated and contentious. Rodriguez (2004, p.107) says ‘the way to face it remains unclear’ as each situation is different. There is no universal model and any solution must be tailored for each specific case as there are large differences between developed and developing countries.
Privatisation has been shown to be effective at raising capital for long-term investment, it carries risks, especially in transitional and developing economies. It can lead to difficulties in regulating MNCs and adverse monopolistic behaviours which are not in the interests of the consumer. There are several reasons for the possible failure of privatisation of the water supply in developing countries. These include management inefficiencies, restricted competition and corruption, excess pricing, excess profits and low water quality and problems in delivering objectives. If private businesses are able to achieve profits so easily, then why wouldn’t governments try and seek them for themselves? As shown in Trinidad and Tobago, Puerto Rico, Ivory Coast, Philippines, and Argentina, privatisation of the water supply has not worked. However, the UK is example of where it has been successfully implemented. From what has been argued here, it is clear to see that regulation is highly important in determining the success or failure of privatising the water supply.
POEs appear no less efficient than privatised water companies and the ability to run POEs is not reserved merely to developed countries, but transition and developing nations are also able to run them, as illustrated by Honduras. State involvement is required in the best interest of the consumer; it avoids the exploitation of consumers and prevents companies seeking to gain excess profits.
With regards to the arguments proposed throughout this essay, market environmentalism has not been successful because there are several studies of where it has not been effective. This is not to say that privatisation does not work. If pursued for the right reasons and with adequate regulation, would the situation be any different in these countries?
If some countries are able to keep the water supply in the public sector and benefit from it, besides being better at attracting inward investment, what are the benefits of putting the water supply in the private sector? On the basis that neither private nor public work particularly well independently, maybe the solution is a combination of the two. A PPP would use the assets of private and public sectors, thus would have the ability to raise capital and embody management structures that are in the general public interest.
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