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美国哥伦比亚大学交通投资与城市发展的economic essay

论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2014-11-14编辑:Cinderella点击率:11627

论文字数:5375论文编号:org201411131856164970语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文

关键词:transportationurban form发展留学生论文

摘要:研究城市的发展要从各个方面加以分析。本文重点介绍了交通规划和投资对于城市发展的影响力,全文分作两个大的部分:交通与城市化历程,新都市主义。分别以欧洲和中国为例,剖析交通发展与城市化二者的有机联系。尤其重点介绍了中国的公共交通导向发展。

城市规划绝不能孤立地分析。城市规划的历史就是对各种各样的交通发展阶段及其对城市形态影响的研究。纵观历史时期,土地的使用一直与城市里人群的移动、城市中汇聚商业与社会的活动错综相关。交通土地使用的重要性可以从横跨大陆的移民时代,延伸到远东的丝绸之路,横贯美国大陆的铁路,一直追溯到当今的交通枢纽。经过这么多年的观察,可以说城市形态就是交通运输网的衍生物。

 

因此,现在城市规划者们会利用交通规划来影响改变城市的发展,以达到土地利用最为适宜的状态。目前在欧洲和亚洲,大量的交通建设投资正在被用来达到最佳城市开发方案。但是仅仅在交通转接点的市场开发并不意味着产出利益。要达到理想状态下的土地使用,这里还有一些先决条件。这些条件大致可以被分为硬件(基础公共设施的改进)、软件(有利政策)和一定渠道的市场营销推广。相反,在投资获得收益之前,首先要有很好的条件。加入现有的公共设施已经能够满足交通容量,那么额外的投资并不能带来多余的利润。交通投资必须通过引入新市场、改善现有条件或者为顾客提供足够的选择空间来创造实实在在的价值。

 

Urban planning cannot be studied in isolation. The history of urban planning is the study of city through the various stages of transportation and its impact on urban form. Throughout time, land-use has been intertwined with movement of people and goods that generate economic and social activity in a city. The significance of transport land-use connection can be traced from the times of migration of populations influenced by travel across continents, impact of trade routes (Silk route) to the Far East, transcontinental railroad across America to the travel hubs of today (Polzin 1999). The urban form can be said to be a derivative of the transport network, this has been observed over the years.

 

As a consequence, today urban planners are using transportation a tool to direct urban development and achieve optimum land-use impacts. This thesis examines the heavy transportation investments are being made for desired urban (re)development schemes in Europe and Asia. However simply developing markets around a transit point will not yield benefits alone. There has to be certain preconditions for desired land-use impacts. Broadly they can be classified as hardware (accessibility improvements in the form of infrastructure), software (favourable policies) and a certain trajectory related promotion and marketing. Conversely, before any such investments could have favourable impacts, there must a demand for better accessibility in the first place. If the present infrastructure is enough for the transit capacity then an additional investment will not result in extra profits. Transport investment should bring real improvement to the existing transit network by introducing it to new markets, or bettering the current conditions or providing consumers the choice value.


The choice value is a more subjective approach. It deals with playing on the psychology of personal choice or of clicking on to a collective ‘buzz’. Like choosing street food (in China) over restaurants. How certain streets are more trendy and hip than others. Moreover, there must be a compelling market to absorb the future improvements. Apart from these two preconditions many other indirect factors are deemed important like urban policy regarding: reduce development costs, increased densities or floor area ratios, reduced impact of development fees, tax incentives, expedited approvals, public assembly of land made available for construction and aggressive marketing. There is no shortage of reasons why or why not certain transportation points will have desirab论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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