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International economic assignment [2]

论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-12-04编辑:yangcheng点击率:16271

论文字数:6877论文编号:org201411142202454646语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文

关键词:海外留学论文国际经济economic sharingsocial conditions

摘要:本文是一篇海外留学国际经济论文的范文,贫困和社会条件被广泛公认是发展中国家健康状况不佳的主要原因。这份报告介绍了加强国际间的经济交流是如何成为实现全球范围内所有卫生保健的目标的第一步。由穆罕默德·梅斯班完成。

e of economic policy as a health issue.

 

According to the most recent World Bank development indicators, 1.4 billion people were living on less than US$1.25 a day in 2005. A further 2.5 billion people were living on less than US$2 dollars a day, meaning that at least 45 percent of the world's population exist in a state of absolute or relative poverty, including half of the world's children. In contrast, the world's 497 billionaires (approximately 0.000008% of the world's population) have an estimated wealth of US$3.5 trillion (over 7 percent of world GDP).

 

The WHO's Commission on Social Determinants of Health has also recently acknowledged that the high burden of illness responsible for premature loss of life arises in large part because of the poor and unequal conditions in which people live and work. The appalling living environment for millions of people is, in turn, the consequence of deeper structural conditions - what the Commission calls the ‘structural drivers' of global health inequality.

 

The promotion of social and economic equity, which the WHO and many civil society organisations maintain is central to respecting human rights obligations in health, therefore depends upon 'narrowing the gap' between the worst off and best off over time. This process involves 'a progressive flattening of the health gradient', says the WHO Commission, by improving the health of all social groups to a level closer to that of the most advantaged. Put simply, the unacceptable discrepancy in living standards between the developed and developing countries, with almost half the world - some 2.5 billion people - living on less than US$2 a day, is a fundamental factor in the global crisis of ill health.

 

基本医疗的途径——Access to Basic Medical Care

 

But why does poverty mean that people are more likely to suffer from ill health or serious illness? In simple terms, poverty often means people lack access to medical services. Even where healthcare is available, poor people cannot afford to pay for it or it is prohibitively expensive. As the World Health Statistics 2009 reveal, people in the poorest countries paid 85 percent ‘out of pocket' for their healthcare costs in 2006. More than 60 percent of medication in low-income countries is only available through the private sector, where the cost is more than six times the international market price. The poorest people suffering from the worst health outcomes due to poverty, in other words, are forced to pay the highest proportionate costs for healthcare.

 

纯净水的途径——Access to Clean Water

 

The lack of access to clean water and sanitation is also part of a state of poverty that has both direct and indirect health consequences for the poor. An estimated 2.6 billion people - about 40 percent of humanity - lack adequate sanitation, and over 1 bill论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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