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rts worth 127,7 billion USD in 2009, after 173,1 billion USD in 2008. [18] In 2008 and in 2009 as well, Brazil exported more that it imported and made a export surplus of 24 and 26 billion USD in 2008 and 2009.

6.经济性能的影响-6. Effects of the economic performance

The main effect of the economic performance was that many people found a way out of the absolute poverty. The Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, a official government institution defines poverty as a monthly income below 250 reais (140 USD) and heavy extreme poverty as less then 125 reais (70 USD). In 1995, 43,4% of the Brazilians were poor, 20,9% very poor. In 2008, the numbers had fallen to 28,8% and 10,5%. (70 USD). Most of them are still not rich, but their situation in general is better. The IPEA expects, if the development goes on, that in 2016 only 4% will live in poverty, and nobody in extreme poverty. The Gini coefficient fell from 0,64 to 0,54 in this period as well. [19] That is still a bad value, but better than nothing. The Human Development report 2007-2008 Brazil made the step to the 'high developed countries' [20] . All this can be regarded as a result of the economic performance.

7.经济和贸易政策-7. Economic and trade policy

The economic policy in the last years under Lula concentrated on the biggest problem of Brazil: The great number of poor, low educated people. Therefore, as it was part of Lulas campaign, economic policy concentrated on the one hand on solving those problems through agricutural reforms and economic growth, on the other hand on the payback of foreign, especially IMF loans with the trade surplus generated by the selling of raw materials. [21]

A growth spurt is expected to occur because if the World Cup in 2014, the Olympic Games in 2016 and the opening of the in 2008 discovered large oil and natural gas reserves at the south-east atlantic coast. Extensive investments are planned for those major sports events by private and public companies, only in Rio de Janeiro, Olympic city of 2016, those investment will amount about 50 billion USD. The brazilian government set up a program to accelerate growth in 2007, called 'PAC - Programa de crescimiento Acerleracao' which provided investments of about 500 billion USD till 2010, mainly for infrastructure projects. Till the end of 2009, about 37% of that money was spent and 40% of the 1.500 project were finished. An industrial promotion program, PDP (Plano de Desinvolvimento Produtivo), active from 2008 to 2011 is intended to strengthen brazilian companies, especially in international competition, with subsidies and tax decreases of 120 billion USD. [22]

At the end of 2009, the government set up a new program to increase economic growth and improve investment with a sum of more than 47 billion USD. It includes again the reduciton of taxes and a improved credit supply to support investment in goods and services, mainly equipment and machinery, following the promotion of private consumption during the financial crisis. [23]

The trade policy concentrated on increasing the regional integration, as it is the most important member, due to its size and power of the MERCOSUR, but is also member of the G-20, the WTO, which includes the application of certain rules concerning foreign trade, the Cairns Group, a coalition of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for a further agricultural tr