摘要:这篇文章主要阐述小额信贷对坦桑尼亚中小型企业(SMEs)发展的影响。从普瑞德坦桑尼亚有限公司和Akiba商业银行的个案分析来说明小额信贷的发展状况、取得成就以及存在不足。
PRIDE Tz's lending methodology is based on the solidarity group lending model adopted from the Grameen Bank model operating in Bangladesh. Under this model, loan applicants have to form a self-selected group of five people in order to qualify for a loan.
Formation of a Group
Clients are required to form a group of five self selected members as a prerequisite for loan consideration because they guarantee each other in their respective groups. Also in the case of default, it is even easier to make a follow up, since each group member knows each other better than the lender.
Training
Before the disbursement of the first loan, PRIDE Tz's new clients who are in a group have to attend a one hour pre-loan weekly training for the first four weeks. The pre-loan training normally aims at familiarising the clients with PRIDE Tz's loan terms and conditions. During the training the clients have to pay a registration fee of Tshs 1,200 each.
Loan Application and Approval
Loan approval is normally determined by the performance of the business and the repayment behaviour of the client. If a meeting is scheduled specifically for approving a loan and one member of the group fails to attend a meeting, the loan is not disbursed at that meeting.
Weekly Meetings and Repayment
PRIDE Tz requires its clients to attend weekly meetings in the branch offices. Weekly meetings constitute the discussion of the loan application and approval, the loan repayment and payment of LIF, and normally take one hour.
Loan Size
The PRIDE Tz loan sizes ranges from Tshs 50,000 (about US$50) to Tshs 5,000,000 (about US$5,000) . The current loan sizes were reviewed in 1996. Previously, the minimum and maximum loan sizes were Tshs 50,000 and Tshs 600,000 respectively.
普瑞德公司支持小微企业经验——Experiences of MSEs Supported by PRIDE Tz
The success of PRIDE Tz in reaching a large number of clients while achieving operational sustainability is explained by excellent management team, use of the Grameen Bank model, funding from external donors and management support from experiences of PRIDE Africa. ``
Income Increment and Business Expansion
SMEs revealed that that loans have increased their income in many different ways. PRIDE Tz provides working capital loans, and using these loans, they were able to invest in their businesses, make profit and expand/open new businesses.
Explaining the advantage of the loan available, one PRIDE Tz client said:
Generally, production has increased. Clients stated that the loans have assisted them in increasing production which in turn increased their income and led to the expansion of businesses.
Capital Invested
SMEs comparing their capital when they started business and after accessing PRIDE services, clients reported to have increased their capital compared to before they received the loan. It was revealed that other clients of PRIDE Tz are also clients of other financial institutions.
Evidence of Successful PRIDETz Clients
Anna Setoko is Grain Traderresiding in Arusha, said:
'Since I started buying maize with my first loan from PRIDE,' she said, 'my business has doubled. When I started this business, I would never be able to afford more than 1
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