摘要:这篇文章主要阐述小额信贷对坦桑尼亚中小型企业(SMEs)发展的影响。从普瑞德坦桑尼亚有限公司和Akiba商业银行的个案分析来说明小额信贷的发展状况、取得成就以及存在不足。
ital. Unavailability of working capital from formal financial institutions is recognized as one of the major complaints of SMEs in Tanzania. The single most important use of Akiba Commercial bank SME loans is in the form of working capital. 89 percent of the clients reported that they used their loan for increasing working capital
With the aim of fostering growth and to seize the opportunities of the unserved market various financial instutions are coming up with innovative lending approaches to tap the SMEs microfinancing needs. The approaches designed to motivate growth SMEs Despite significant role of MFI in supporting SMEs but there are a number of constraints which make the SMEs not able to expand their business as analysed hereunder
Constraints Faced by MSEs
The small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania are facing many growth berries; from the microfinance sector.
Too Small Loan Sizes
Most of the SMEs indicate that the source of funds is the big problem. Lending starts at a very low amount e.g T shs 50,000/= for new borrowers. This rate was set in the early 90s The value of Tshs 50,000/= in 90s is not the same today, given the devaluation of the shilling against the US dollar.
High Interest Rates
The SMEs indicated by the clients saying that the available funds were too expensive. As well as the interest rates that the borrower has to pay the lender, there are other direct and indirect costs incurred by the clients. These costs include registration fees, weekly compulsory savings and the loan application fee. All these add to the cost of obtaining the loan.
Repayment Period
The repayment period ranges from six months for small loans to twelve months for large loans. This is indicated by SMEs as a short period especially for those who are supposed to pay within six months. Also the weekly repayment of interest(PRIDE) and part of the principle of the loan limits many SMEs from growth.
Many SMEs who require financing in order to grow they are seriously restricted to successfully obtain loan from financial institutions; as to the reasons that the SMEs are unable to meet loan conditions pertaining to security.
- Another constraint for the growth of SMEs in Tanzania is the access to microfinance support services. Many SMEs in Tanzania lack access to advice counseling and encouragement from microfinance services which is largely connected to lack of funds to pay for the services.
- Many of laws and regulations of Microfinance services on Tanzania is affecting SMEs growth which include procedures and criteria of qualifying for the Loans and the amount issued for the Loan. This is referred to corruption and bureaucracy which make the matters worse.
- The UDEC (2002) report expressed that; most of these SMEs in Tanzania mainly owned by women which they don't have the same opportunities as men to meet and negotiate bribe with principally male microfinance institutions officials.
Microfinance make the SMEs not grow as they assits those who are in business already by not providing SME with the support from the start this can lead the SMEs to be weak from the start.
Most of the microfinance provides vision and mission are focused to SMEs who are already started and not the new ones.
- In additional, researchers identified that may microfinan
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