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    R. Schmidt also elucidates in great length the role of awareness in implicit and explicit learning, his definition of the former being "learning without awareness" while the latter, "learning with awareness". Vocabulary is the basis of second language and a focus on lexis allows the application of a variety of well-developed psycholinguistics techniques in addressing the involvement of the consciousness in second language vocabulary acquisition.

    As for new words, phonetic and phonological feature are usually learned implicitly because of their frequent exposure. However, the meaning of words. Is learned explicitly. Since their semantic and conceptual meaning require conscious processing, and the form-meaning relations needs to be paid attention to.

2.1.3 Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition and Intentional Vocabulary Learning

    Since the beginning of the twentieth century, interest in incidental and intentional learning has presented a main line of investigation in both psychological literature and second language learning literature. Intentional vocabulary learning refers to "any activity aimed at deliberately committing lexical information to memory and keeping that information readily accessible". Incidental vocabulary本论文由英语论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供 learning refers to "the learning of vocabulary as the by-product of reading and listening activity not explicitly geared to vocabulary learning" (Hulstijn 2001).

    In consideration that the elaborating explanation on incidental and intentional vocabulary acquisition will be given in the following part, here, I just have a brief introduction on this approach of defining vocabulary learning.

2.2 Theory on Incidental and Intentional Vocabulary Acquisition

    As indicated in the above section, various pairs of modes on vocabulary acquisition are elucidated. In my thesis, the terms incidental and intentional vocabulary acquisition will be used as the theoretical foundation.

    The terms incidental and intentional learning first occurred in the experimental psychology at the beginning of the 20th century. In short, incidental vocabulary learning is a learning process without intention, whereas, intentional vocabulary learning is that with full intention. An incidental vocabulary learning hypothesis is that we acquire the new vocabulary item without any intent to do so. When we read a text, we mean to understand it as a whole. During this process, the memory for the new words comes into begin as a natural consequence, and a conscious effort to learn becomes unnecessary. In operational terms, incidental and intentional learning can be simply distinguished in terms of the use of pre-learning instructions that either do, or do not, forewarn subjects about the existence of a subsequent retention test (Eysenck, 1982:198) i.e., telling or not telling students that they will be tested afterwards on their knowledge is the critical operational feature distinguishing incidental from intentional learning.

2.2.1 The Distinction between Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition and Intentional Vocabulary Learning

    According to Hulstijn (2001), incidental vocabulary le本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。