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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2014-07-30编辑:felicia点击率:30697
论文字数:16146论文编号:org201407282221483622语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:非盈利性组织营利性组织利润最大化For-profit organisationsmaximisation of profitfinancial management
摘要:本文是一篇英国留学论文。营利性组织和非营利性组织有很大的分别,营利性组织主要是为了追求利润化,在过去二十多年的时间里,营利性组织和非营利性组织的界限是不明显的,甚至有些部分保持重叠发展。本文研究的目的就是简析营利性组织和非营利性组织的特点,以将其更明显地区分开。
1.前言和假设: 1. Introduction and hypothesis:
1.1 从广阔的视角选择话题 1.1 Topic a broader perspective:
营利性组织是为了追求利润最大化,当我们说“营利性”的时候,可以追溯到非营利组织的所有者(非营利组织),盈利性组织和非营利性组织有很大不同,营利性组织主要是为了追求利润。盈利性组织和非营利性组织应该用一个基本的差异使他们彼此区分开。学术研究人员和专业人士在这一问题上有很大的争论,这将在本文稍后讨论,在过去二十多年的时间里,营利性组织和非营利性组织的界限是不明显的,甚至有些部分保持重叠发展。尽管营利性组织已经参与了志愿者活动,表现出明显的利他主义,非营利组织也被观察到在很长的一段时间内使用业务管理战略和财务管理框架。然而,学者和专业人士认为,虽然非营利组织参与财务管理和货币相关的模型和框架,但最终不同于营利组织;它不是终结者却意味着结束。
For-profit organisations are meant for maximisation of profit - as it suggests when we say 'for-profit' - which goes back to the owner where as non-profit organisations (NPOs) are quite different - they are not, primarily, for profit. It suggests that there should be a basic difference which makes them stand apart. There are so many arguments by academic researchers and professionals, which are going to be discussed later in this document, in relation to both of these sectors and their boundaries by keeping in view the overlapping developments over the last two decades or so. While the for-profit organisations have been witnessed participating in voluntary activities and showing altruism, NPOs have also been observed using business management strategies and financial management frameworks for a quite long time. However, academics and professionals argue that though non-profits are involved in financial management and monetary associated models and frameworks but ultimately, unlike for-profits; it is not the end but a means to end.
End lies somewhere else which is either not yet decided - for many or rather all of the non-profit organisations - or cannot be decided in the first place (Helmut, 2000; 9).
For-profit organisations have their end products to put in display and attract customers. Their (for-profits) messages to convey about and advertise for are of utility, value, service, benefit, advantage and convenience to those who spend money. Conversely, NPOs are not supposed to do that or rather they are unable to do that. This is because they do not offer any of the above mentioned returns to actual money-spenders or donors which for-profit organisations do. They do not actually give anything tangible at all in return to whom they are collecting money from. Then what do the donors get in return of their money?
Here comes the main point of distinction the non-profit organisations have got a mission which can define many of these organisations objectives, or rather all of them, as remote and ethereal - i.e. empathy, compassion, sympathy, service for public good, kindness and welfare. They collect money from someone else and spend it onto someone else in need who cannot afford that much money for themselves. In this process of welfare and public good a donor gets a feeling of satisfaction, love for humanity, altruism and compassion.
Although no strict legal definition of charity exists even today and it is still in progress which makes it fairly new a sector (Helmut, 2000; 6), there seems to have a popular approach that charitable purposes can be categorised in one of four ways; the poverty alleviation; education uplift; the spread of religion; and other useful objectives for the community (Quint 1994; 1 see Hanvey and Philpot, 1996; 2)
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