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lfill their basic needs.

According to Siddiqi M.N (1981) “This reality requires that insurance be treated as a basic human need over a very wide range of human activities and situations”.

Most writers on Islamic insurance view it in the light of social security that is within the context of social security in Islam. So an attempt at defining social security will give us an insight into the subject matter (Islamic Insurance).

Social security can be define as a tool that “aims at relieving the deprived and the destitute of want and misery so that not a single member of the society remains un-provided in his basic needs i.e. food, clothing, shelter, medicine and education” (Siddiqi M.N 1981). This is an aspect of welfare and it aims at providing the maximum livelihood to all which is called the “maximum criterion” maximizing the welfare of the minimum. It was reported that Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) advised to “help one another in furthering virtue and God consciousness and do not help another in furthering evil and enmity”. Another Hadiths also stated that Holy Prophet told a Bedouin Arab, who left his camel unchained to the will of Allah, “tie the camel and then leave it to the will of Allah”.

In view of these and other similar hadiths, it is established that concept of insurance does not contradict with Shariah. (Khandia, Abdur Rahman 2003). The hadiths clearly shows that as long as the form of insurance are based on mutual responsibility and co-operation and does not involve any evil or enmity, then it’s in lined with shariah.

However Siddiqi M.N further stated that “public welfare and social security is the foremost economic obligation of an Islamic state”. Also it’s the obligation of an Islamic state to bridge the gap cause by the misdistribution of wealth among the society and also to effect its economic development. This principle of social security require that each needy should be given relief regardless of what causes the destitution.

Insurance can be viewed Islamically, in the light of social security like zakat. Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam meaning “the right of the have-not in the property or wealth of have or state” as long as there is no interference with the right of have or the state. This well established concept within the Islamic society obliged the rich to help the destitute and the unfortunate (W Jean Kwon 2007).

While “The purpose of zakat was to provide assistance to those who lack the basic necessities of life” (Aly Khorshid 2004). The Insurance takes care of the risks to which life and property are exposed. Furthermore, insurance in its purest form will protect the disruption of a system by accidents and events beyond human control. This view is held by Kashir and M. N. Siddiqi (1981). In view of the above discussion we can clearly see that insurance can be viewed in the context of social security in Islam.

伊斯兰社会保障的起源——Origin of Islamic social security

Social security was said to be in practice long before the coming of Islam, whereby families, relative or tribal member throughout the Arab territory form a fund which will saved as mean of helping needy on a voluntary and charitable basis. These practices were validated by Holy Prophet (PBUH) and incorporated into the institutions