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澳洲航空公司，成立于1920年，在世界所以航空公司里面，它的规模排名第11，成立时间排名第二。它位于昆士兰内陆，是由首席飞行员哈德逊、保罗、费格斯创建。以前，澳洲航空公司是国有企业；最初并没有以盈利和提高效率为目标。在1993年，澳洲航空公司将25%的股份卖给了英国航空公司。澳洲航空公司在1995年进行了私有化，所以它不得不采用管理手法去克服内部和外部的影响，也不得不改变它狭隘的企业文化。尽管澳洲航空公司主要是一家乘务航空公司，但是空运也是其核心业务不可分割的部分。澳洲航空公司其他的业务包括：餐饮、旅游以及专注于空运和航空旅行的电子商务。澳洲航空公司从过去的10年开始已经着手改革，去克服内外各种问题,比如严重影响了国际旅游业的911恐怖袭击。澳洲航空公司最初减少了它国际旅游业的11%。幸运的是，安捷航空公司的倒闭消除了澳大利亚国内航空业的竞争。

Established in 1920, Qantas is the world's 11th largest airline and the 2nd oldest. It was founded in the Queensland outback as the Queensland and Northern territory Aerial Service (QANTAS) Limited, by pioneer aviators Hudson Fysh, Paul McGinness and Fergus McMaster. Qantas was a former government owned business; it did not view profits or efficiency as its prime goal. In 1993 a 25% stake was sold to British Airways. Qantas was privatised in 1995 and has had to adopt management practices to overcome both internal and external influences and had to change its narrow-minded culture. Although Qantas is primarily a passenger airline, air freight is also an integral part of its core business. Other Qantas operations include catering, tourism and E-commerce devoted to transport and air travel. 

Qantas has undertaken significant changes over the last decade to cope with internal and external factors such as the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 which effectively reduced the demand for international travel. Qantas initially reduced its international travel flying capacity by 11%. Fortunately, the collapse of Ansett which halted domestic competition in the Australian aviation industry which had dropped the bidding price war for consumer finances, softened the blow on September 12, 2001. 

The source of change: 
The factors that had caused Qantas to change were that Qantas had to become: 
• A more competitive, efficient and profitable business with less competition in the domestic markets. 
•Qantas had to pay taxes and levies paid by other business in Australia 
• Qantas had to make an increased profit and pay a dividend to its shareholders which increased over the years of management 

The main factors, which caused Qantas to change was that, the business was under government ownership until 1995, with a classical/scientific management structure. Meaning the business maintained a: 
• A strict hierarchical organizational structure 
• Clear lines of communication and responsibility 
• Jobs broken down into simple tasks; division of labor and specialization 
• Strict rules and procedures 
• Impersonal evaluation of employee performance to avoid favoritism and bias 
• Formal record keeping 
Also Qantas was running with an autocratic leadership style meaning autocratic managers like to make all the important decisions and closely supervise and control workers. Managers do not trust workers and simply give orders (one-way communication) that they expect to be obeyed. This approach derives from the views of Taylor as to how to motivate workers and relates to McGregor’s theory X view of workers. This approach has limitations but it can be effective in certain situations. For example: 
• When quick decisions are needed in a company (e.g. in a time of crises) <本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。