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C. Regosta, J. Arzela, S.J. Kaushikb,)
a Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Unite mixte INRA – IFREMER, Centre de Brest IFREMER, 29280 Plouzane,´France b Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Unite mixte INRA – IFREMER, 64310 Saint Pee-sur-NiÕelle, France
Accepted 20 January 1999

AbstractThe effect of corn gluten meal CGM as a partial or total replacement of fish meal was studiedŽ .in turbot Ž Psetta maxima.. Five experimental diets containing a gradient of CGM were fed totriplicate groups of turbot initial body weight of 65 g over 9 weeks at 17Ž . 8C. Turbot fed a dietcontaining 20% of CGM had comparable growth performances as these fed a fishmeal based diet.Total replacement of fish meal adversely affected growth. Digestibility of nutrients and energy ofthe diets decreased with the increase in levels of dietary corn gluten meal. Supplementation ofarginine and lysine in diets containing CGM induced an improvement ofthe availability of thesetwo amino acids. The incorporation of CGM in diets significantly affected plasma cholesterol andtriglyceride concentrations while no effect was observed on plasma levels of thyroid hormones.These results suggest that protein from CGM can replace one third of fish meal protein in the dietsfor turbot. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Psetta maxima; Corn gluten meal; Amino acids; Cholesterol; Triglyceride; Thyroid hormone

1. Introduction
In the context of research of the substitution of fish meal in diets of fish, numerousŽ1992; Gomes et al., 1995; Kaushik et al., 1995; Burel et al., 1996b, 1998a have shown,.in particular with rainbow trout ŽOncorhynchus mykiss., that it is possible to partially or
even fully replace fish meal by plant protein sources such as soybean, corn gluten meal)Corresponding author. Tel.: q33-05-59-51-59-51; Fax: q33-05-59-54-51-52; E-mail:kaushik@st-pee.inra.fr0044-8486r99r$ - see front matter q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.PII: S 0 0 4 4 - 8 4 8 6 9 9 0 0 0 2 6 - 5Ž .100( )
C. Regost et al.r Aquaculture 180 1999 99–117
ŽCGM , lupin flour, rapeseed meal, etc. Even in marine fish, theinterest of plant.
Žet al., 1995; Nengas et al., 1996; Burel et al., 1998b ..
The turbot Ž Psetta maxima.
1980; Cacerez-Martinez, 1984; Guillaume et al., 1991; Danielssen and Hjertnes, 1993 ..Data on the quantitative essential amino acid requirements of turbot is not available butŽKaushik, 1995 . An attempt has recently been made to estimate the amino acid.protein economy in fish feed: protein sparing through incorporation of non-proteinŽ1994 and replacement of fish meal by other proteinsources. In turbot, protein sparing.by fats or carbohydrates does not seem to hold much promise. Turbot do not appear to
Cacerez-Martinez et al., 1984; Andersen and Alsted, 1993; Danielssen and Hjertnes,1993 ..To our knowledge, so far, very few studies have dealt with the use of plant proteinŽBurel et al., 1998b . Corn gluten meal has a high protein level, is low in fiber, rich in.vitamins B and E and is known to contain no antinutritional factors. CGM is however
deficient of the amino acid lysine. In salmonids, a supplementation with lysine is
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