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在过去的一个世纪，美国的医疗卫生已经取得了巨大的改善。先进的技术最终使得我们可以治愈致命的疾病。遗憾的是，这些技术的耗费高昂，极大的增加了患者的财政负担。一个中产阶级的美国人再也无法承受起天文数字般的医院手术费了。由此，和汽车保险、水灾保险、火灾保险一样，医疗保险已经被建立起来，它可以确保参保人尽可能获得最好的医疗救助。许多可怕的事情在普通人身上并没有发生。理所当然的医疗保健已经不存在了，许多投保人深受其害。美国的医疗保健问题主要是：质疑削减花费的技术、死伤的指控、医院间的竞争、系统的法律漏洞。医疗保健制度是在这样的审查制度下也不足为奇。卫生维护组织就已经违反了这一制度，强迫患者从各式各样的医生中进行选择。从组建开始，卫生维护组织就显著的降低了医院的医疗保健质量。

在许多情况下，关于卫生维护组织的争论已经愈演愈烈。类似HMOs的组织是唯一提供负担得起的医疗保健的选择。自从大多数人无法承担高昂的手术费用后，他们求助于卫生维护组织，通过支付月度保险费，让它提供医疗措施。

Health care in the United States has improved immensely during the past century. Improved technology has finally allowed us to eliminate deadly disease from our society. Unfortunately, the technology is expensive and has put monetary burdens upon the care receivers. No longer can a middle class American afford the astronomical fees for lifesaving operations in the hospital. Because of this, health insurance, like car insurance, flood insurance or fire insurance, has been established to assure its participant that he or she is able to be provided with the best care possible. Many horrible stories by normal people have shown that it hasn't happened. Deserved health care has not been provided, and many 'insured participants' have suffered because of this. The problems of health care in the United States include: questioning of cost reduction techniques, allegations of death and injury, competition between hospitals themselves, and legal loopholes in the system. It's no wonder that Medical care systems are under such scrutiny. One system in particular that has violated the system is the HMO, or Health Maintenance Organizations, a public provider which forces their patient to choose from an assortment of their physicians. Since their establishment, HMOs have gradually decreased the quality of patient health care significantly, especially in hospitals. 

Debates over the health care provided by HMOs have arisen in many cases. For an alarming majority, organizations like the HMO are the only affordable option for providing health care. Since most people could never afford such costs as expensive surgeries, they have turned to HMOs to provide them with care, paid via a monthly premium. A variety of services can be offered to patients in one familiar place. In addition, the doctors are good because they are screened before acceptance by other qualifying physicians. Procedures are also given more objectively, because of no extra fee incentives for the physicians in prepaid programs, where the goal is to lower costs. Also, costs are about the same for every visit, and claim forms are kept at a minimum. Another advantage of companies like HMO is that there is a familiarity between the physicians of the HMO group. Specialists of all kinds can relate to each other because they are in a cooperative working environment. In contrast, disadvantages exist with these health providers. Since patients depend on them for care, they must trust the HMO also. This means that their health can be damaged because of a doctor's faulty decision making, instead of the patient's. For example, if the physician denies someone a biopsy test because it isn't 'fitting', that cancer could go undetected and eventually kill the individual. Therefore, the disadvantages of HMOs clearly outweigh the advantages. 

If we travel back in time, we can see the various changes that brought about these health providing organizations . Over the years, health care in the US 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。