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所谓关税是对进口或出口产品时，货物跨越边境从一关地区到另一个地区的一种税。关税的应用程序可以从巴比伦文明注明日期。当时，它是相对容易的外国人收取税金。关税是为了增加收入，为政府的好工具。近年来，发达国家和大多数发展中国家也开始关注关税对经济的影响。关税可以帮助政府增加收入，保护地方经济，提高作业的当地人。然而，关税的影响是小国与大国之间的不同。关税小国发挥了多大的作用，而大国家都深受影响的关税。在这份报告中，将首先描述关税的定义和目的。然后，它会单独分析小国关税和大量国家的图解帮助的作用。最后，它会做一个总结。A tariff is a tax imposed on imported or exported products when goods cross the border from one customs region to another. The application of customs duties can be dated from the Babylonian civilization. At that time, it is relatively easy to charge tax from foreigners. Tariffs is a good tool to increase revenue for the government. Recent years, developed and most developing countries begin to focus on the effect of tariffs on the economy. Tariffs can help governments to increase revenue, protect local economy and raise the jobs for local people. However, the effects of tariffs are different between small countries and large countries. Tariffs play a little role in small countries, while large countries are heavily influenced by tariffs. In this report, it will first describe the definition and purpose of tariffs. Then it will separately analyze the effects of tariffs in small countries and large countries with the help of diagrammatic. Finally, it will make a conclusion.

2. The Definition and Purpose of Tariffs关税的定义和用途

Simply, the tariff is a tax is imposed on the imported productions. Tariffs are applied to limit trade, as they raise the price of imported products and services to sell clients at a higher price. At present, tariffs are to form trade regulations as a feasible approach. There are five primary tariffs: the revenue tariff, the ad valorem, the specific tariff, the prohibitive tariff and the protective tariff (Mike Moffatt, 2013). The revenue tariff is to raise government capitals. For instance, countries which don’t feed cows may impose a revenue tax on importing cows. The government can earn money from companies which import animals. The ad valorem tariff is applied to a rate of the import’s value, for example, a certain amount of cents on each dollar of value. The specific tariff is related with the specific amount of products to apply to the amount of imported products, the weight, volume or other measures of products. The prohibitive tariff is such as high cost that it prevents the item from being imported. It is applied to increase the price of imported products in order to protect the domestic goods from the vivid competition from foreign markets. Consequently, the domestic companies have the ability to compete with foreign organizations. The protective tariff can provide an advantage to the local company and assist them to develop the local economy. However, the protective tariffs set such higher price that firms have to charge more. For instance, when the gas companies rise in price, the transporting companies have to charge more from the retailers when transporting goods. The retail industry also make a higher price on the transportation costs to ensure their same interest that they once received. Consequently, clients have to spend more on the products (Michelle Boisseau, 2003).
If there is no tariff or other limitations imposed on the imported products, it is named free trade. It is stated that free trade can promote the local econo