英语论文网

For a long time,listening and speaking abilities have been viewed separately.Listeningcomprehension is the ability to acquire or receive information through listening.Purposefulnessand interpretation are key factors in listening teaching and listening tests.Listening,as a way ofreceiving information,is crucial in daily communication in any language.According toNemtchinova(2013),listening is a positive skill,and its core concepts include interpretation,meaning,and comprehension.These three concepts are not independent,but interrelated,andthey influence each other in the minds of listeners.In Vandergrift and Goh(2021)’s opinion,theprocess of listening cannot be simply described as the listeners’hearing relevant information,then understanding and responding to it.In fact,the process of listening is very complex andrequires the listener to process the input information first and construct meanings according tothe sound and their own background knowledge.This process requires the listener to engage andinteract with cognitive,emotional,and social factors to ensure reception,processing,andunderstanding.Zou(2011)discussed listening from the perspective of testing,and held thatlistening is a meaningful activity process.In conclusion,listening is a complex cognitive skillthat involves retrieving,decoding,and contacting new knowledge.

Speaking ability is often considered as a sign to measure whether a person can properly usea foreign language.Speaking ability refers to the ability to use English to express oneself throughcommunication with others.For students,they should be able to solve problems and completetasks in English and communicate with others fluently in a specific situation.It is thefundamental and also the most challenging skill among all the language abilities.

2.2 Studies on English Listening and Speaking Teaching Abroad andat Home

Until the 1950s,listening and speaking teaching attracted far less attention than the othertwo language skills-reading and writing.From then,methods,techniques and designs oflistening and speaking teaching started to develop abroad and at home.

2.2.1 Studies on English Listening and Speaking Teaching Abroad

Overseas research on listening and speaking teaching started earlier than domestic ones.Inthe early days,it was believed that listening and speaking learning were solely sensoryinstruction.In the 1950s,Audio-lingual Method appeared.Audio-linguists believed language is aseries of speech habits that can be mastered through drills.According to Saville-Troike(1973),earlier teaching methods placed a premium on written forms of language,generally ignoringspoken language,and the audio-lingual approach developed in response to this book-centeredattitude.Learners fostered fine pronunciation and intonation during long-term repetition andsubstitution.However,students lacked motivation because of the tedious pattern drills and rotelearning.Originated from the Audio-lingual Method and Direct Method,Guberina(1981)proposed the Situational Method in the 1950s.In this method,the visual and auditory senseswere combined using multi-media.It stressed situations and daily dialogues of 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。