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机场的发展主要是国营企业。现在，许多机场寻求私有化，部分是为了提高它们在新的全球经济中竞争的能力。所有制方式涵盖范围广泛：国有政府和控制机场、国有企业、独立机场管理局、与政府多数股权或私人多数股所有权的公私伙伴关系。原因包括私有化机场改进机场多元化经营来提升盈利能力，以筹集资金，并提高竞争力。私有化的论点包括公共资金的可用性下降，以及需要改变私营企业发展的市场取向。对机场私有化的反对与担心私人经营者将利用机场在航空旅行中所占的垄断地位。并非所有机场都适合私有化。一些发达国家，如美国，由地方政府控制，并受航空公司要求的影响。欠发达国家及其机场当局缺乏足够的资金发展机场；虽然这些国家需要这些机场，但私有化是不切实际的，必须制定替代的商业计划。与其他国家不同的是，加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰采取了公私混合控制的方式，以维护影响公共利益的事项的权力。私有化使长期关注的适应国际竞争的需要，保持一种以客户为中心的计划，以及免费的政府从一个无利可图的企业提供补贴。由于服务的公共利益在现行体制下加拿大完全的私有化国家机场系统机场的可能性很小。

I. Executive Summary 执行摘要
Airports have evolved mainly as government-run enterprises. Now, many airports seek privatization in part to improve their abilities to compete in the new global economy. The manner of ownership covers a wide spectrum: government-owned and controlled airports, government-owned corporations, independent airport authorities, public-private partnerships with government majority ownership or with private majority ownership. Reasons to privatize an airport include an improved ability for an airport to diversify its operations to enhance profitability, to fund expansion, and to improve competitiveness. The arguments for privatization include that the falling availability of public funds, and a need to change to the market-oriented outlook that private businesses develop. Objections to airport privatization are related to the apprehension that a private operator will take advantage of the monopoly that airports represent in air travel. Not all airports are suitable for privatization. Some in the developed world, such as in the USA, are controlled by local governments and affected by airline requirements. The less developed countries and their airport authorities lack sufficient funds to develop their airports; although these countries need these airports, privatization is impractical, and alternate business plans must be developed. Unlike other countries, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have taken the path of mixed public-private control to maintain power over matters that affect the public good. Privatization enables a long term focus to meet the demands of international competition, to maintain a customer-focused plan, and to free the government from providing subsidies to an unprofitable enterprise. The potential for Canada to completely privatize the National Airport System Airports is small due to the serving of the public good under the current system.

II Introduction 简介
Airport privatization has become a trend in the past thirty years as economies change and the air transport sector matures. Airport management and ownership, once mainly the domain of governments, has evolved into a mix of public and private airport ownership. Airports must now compete with other airports around the world for business, and government may not be the best owner for a globally-competitive enterprise. Airports must have the freedom to compete on the commercial level, and not just provide a service to the travelling public. Airports seek privatization in part to improve their abilities to develop a customer-focused business plan. This paper will present a review of the history of privatization and predictions for the future of this trend, and a comparison of the means, effects, and relative success of government/ public vs. private control.

What is airport privatization?
Simply put it is the transfer of ownership or management or both to the private sector (Graham 2008, 15). The manner of ownership covers a