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Law Essay-法律援助的历史

最早的法律援助运动开始于1851年，当时有一个制定中引入了法国为穷人提供法律援助。在英国，国家为穷人提供法律服务的努力可以追溯到1944，当大法官，Viscount Simon任命Lord Rushcliffe率领的Rushcliffe委员会去询问关于在英格兰和威尔士的现有设施提供法律援助穷人的建议。[ 1 ]该委员会还提出了建议，确保国家能够给需要的人提供相同的法律建议。Rushcliffe委员会的建议被提交给英国议会，导致法律援助和建议在1949年颁布。1945，Rushcliffe委员会报告引起了印度政府的重视。信贷的印度政府的注意到这个重要的问题，便去孟买法律援助协会邀请印度政府的Rushcliffe委员会。在[ 2 ]孟买法律援助协会的信中，建议印度的一个类似委员会来审查法律援助问题。1946年，省政府认为，在民事案件中给予法律援助的规定是充分的，但是对于需要放宽的刑事案件也有相同的规定。在印度政府和省政府决议之间的对应关系后，在孟买立法会和孟买州议会通过。孟买政府任命一个委员会的法官先生NH Bhagwati[ 3 ]的主持下，考虑在民事和刑事诉讼法律援助贫困人士发放的问题，在有限的手段和落后阶层的人进行公正很容易接触到这些的人。

The History Of Legal Aid Law Essay

The earliest Legal Aid movement was started in the year 1851 when there was an enactment introduced in France for providing legal assistance to the indigent. In Britain the effort of the state to provide legal services to the poor and needy goes back to 1944, when lord chancellor, Viscount Simon appointed the Rushcliffe Committee headed by Lord Rushcliffe to enquire about the existing facilities in England and Wales for giving legal aid advice to the poor. [1] This committee also made the desirable recommendations ensuring that the persons in need of the legal advice are provided the same by the state. The recommendations of the Rushcliffe Committee were submitted to British Parliament, which resulted in the enactment of Legal Aid and Advice Act, 1949. In 1945, the Rushcliffe Committee report was brought to the attention of the Government of India. The credit for drawing the attention of the government of India to this important question goes to the Bombay Legal Aid Society who invited the attention of the Government of India to the report of the Rushcliffe Committee. The Bombay Legal Aid Society in their letter [2] suggested the appointment of a similar committee in India to examine the problem of Legal Aid. In 1946, the provincial government was of the opinion that the provisions for the grant of legal aid in civil cases were sufficient but the same for the criminal cases needed to be liberalized. After the correspondence between the Government of India and the Provincial Government the resolution was passed in the Bombay Legislative Council and the Bombay State Assembly. The Government of Bombay appointed a committee under the Chairmanship of Mr. Justice NH Bhagwati [3] to consider the question of grant of legal aid in civil and criminal proceedings to poor persons, persons of limited means and the persons of backward classes to make justice easily accessible to these persons. The committee threw responsibility on State to provide free legal aid for those who could not have access to the Courts of Law due to scarcity of means and guidance. The committee also recommended a four-tier [4] machinery for giving legal aid. These recommendations could not be implemented. In the same year (1949), the Government of West Bengal also set up a committee on 'Legal Aid and Legal Advice' under the chairmanship of Sir Arthur Trevor Harries [5] . The committee recommended to give legal assistance to the poor. The report of the committee could not be implemented due to lack of requisite funds.

Since 1952, the Government of India also started addressing to the question of legal aid for the poor in various conferences of Law Ministers and Law Commissions. The first law commission, 1958 in its fourteenth report [6] presented a detailed thought of legal aid with a strong plea to imple