摘要:印度刑法中很少涉及受害者,受害者的合法权益没有得到保障。本文就针对这一现实,对现存的警方报告中受害者的权利进行描述,并提出在刑法中引入受害者权利的必要性。
因为英国的刑事司法制度在殖民统治时期对印度法律制度的影响程度很大,所以印度的刑事司法制度是以英美法系的刑事司法制度为基础的。因此,许多印度刑法的规定,1860和刑事程序的代码,1973都是借用了英国的刑事法律。
刑法和民法的概念在一个主要原理上是有区别的,那就是赔偿的本质。
民法的目的是赔偿受害人,为的是使他或她恢复到遭受损害之前的地位。这种代偿性的补救措施保证了受害人得到充分的赔偿,也不会过多地惩罚罪犯。
然而,在刑法中,惩罚是首要目标。补救措施大多是被监禁或罚款的性质,但很少对受害人进行赔偿。这是因为刑法的目的是惩罚罪犯,使其对社会起到威慑作用。犯罪被认为是对社会的错误,而不是对个人的错误。这正是为什么在刑事案件中,检方是国家而不是受害者。[ 4 ]
因此,在刑事司法系统中,受害者几乎没有任何作用。
考虑到相比于民事犯罪,一般刑事犯罪错误更严重,前者的受害者往往比后者更糟糕,从这一点上看刑事司法制度似乎很矛盾。
也许在刑事审判过程中加入被害人的必要性已经被许多人意识到,因为这现在成为一个激烈争论的话题。许多学者已经写了一些文章,提了把受害人纳入刑事司法系统方法的建议,使他或她的权利不受到损害。
Victims Role In Case Of Submission Final Report Law Essay
The criminal justice system of India is based on the common law criminal practices, that is, the British criminal justice system, due to the great extent of influence the Indian legal system underwent while under colonial rule. Many provisions of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 are therefore borrowed from the
criminal law of Britain.
The concept of criminal law and
civil law are distinguished on one major basis, that is, the nature of remedy.
The aim of civil law is to compensate the victim so as to restore the person to the position he or she was at prior to suffering that harm. This type of compensatory remedy ensures full retribution of the victim and does not bother so much about punishing the offender.
In criminal law, however, punishment is the primary aim. Remedies are mostly in the nature of imprisonment or fines, but rarely for compensation of the victim. This is because the aim of criminal law is to punish the offender so that it serves as a deterrent to society. Crimes are considered to be wrongs against society and not against individuals. This is exactly why prosecution in criminal cases is done by the state and not the victim. [4]
Thus, in the criminal justice system, victims hardly have any role to play.
Considering that generally crimes are graver wrongs as compared to civil offences, and victims of the former are often worse off than that of the latter, this feature of the criminal justice system seems quite paradoxical.
Perhaps the need for including the victim in the process of a criminal trial has been felt by many because it is a topic of heated debate now. Many scholars have written articles suggesting ways to incorporate the victim into the system so that his or her rights do not get compromised. The report [5] of the Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System headed by Justice V.S. Malimath (the Malimath Committee) recognizes the need for reform to the criminal justice system and suggests various ways to give due recognition to the victims. Many of these recommendations were taken up and were manifested in the form of amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure via The Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act of 2008, that is, the 2008 amendment.
In this project, the researcher shall limit the discussion to the rights of a victim with respect to filing of a police report. The broad questions that will be addressed are:
What are the rights of a victim in filing of a police report?
How far are these rights successful in providing due recognition to victims?
What more could be done to improve the status of the victim?
This discussion
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