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1.free verse: It is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure; instead, it uses the cadences of natural speech.

2.expressionism: Post-World War I artistic movement, of German origin, that distorted appearances to communicate inner emotional states.

3.imagists: A group of mainly American poets, including Ezra pound and Amy Lowell, who used sharp visual images and colloquial speech; active from 1912 to 1914.

4.modernism: International cultural movement after World War I expressing disillusionment with tradition and interest in new technologies and visions.

5.naturalism: Late 19th- and early 20th-century literary approach of French origin that vividly depicted social problems and viewed human beings as helpless victims of larger social and economic forces.

6.The Jazz Age: The. (esp in the US) the period between the end of World War I and the beginning of the Depression during which jazz became popular. It is characterized in the novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald as a period of wealth, youthful exuberance, and carefree hedonism.

7.puritans: English religious and political reformers who fled their native land in search of religious freedom, and settled and colonized New England in the 17th century.

8.Revolutionary War: The War of Independence, 1775-1783, fought by the American colonies against Great Britain.

9.Romanticism: A reaction against neoclassicism. This early 19-th century movement elevated the individual, the passions, and the inner life. It stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom from classical correctness in art forms, and rebellion against social conventions.

10.Transcendentalism: A broad, philosophical movement in New England during the Romantic era. It stressed the role of divinity in nature and the individual’s intuition, and exalted feeling over reason.

Essay Questions:

1. Give a brief discussion of Henry James’ literary achievement.

2. Analyze the artistic features of Earnest Hemingway's novels.

3. Give a brief discussion of Whitman's style and language.

4. Why is Fitzgerald regarded as spokesman of the “Jazz Age”?

5. Comment on the writing style of William Faulkner.

6. Comment on Mark Twain.

7. Discuss the concept of “wasteland” in relation to the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literature.

8. Please explain Transcendentalism in the following aspects: growth and development, major concepts, significance, weaknesses, and authors.

9. What are the artistic achievements of Edgar Allan Poe?

以上是美国文学专业常出的essay题目，供大家参考。关于essay，一直是我们中国留学生讨论的一个热点话题，对于出国海外的留学生们来说，没有接触过所谓的essay文体，咨询“essay writing”，“essay格式”，“essay写法”等这类问题的人也很多。本文就essay writing的一些格式、写法相关的问题为大家作出了些许指导，供大家参考与学习，希望对大家有所帮助。

Essay Format

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The Essay Title

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