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Shulman made a speech at an annual meeting  of  American  Education  Research  Association.  Then  it  was  published  as  the research  report  in  the  Journal  of  American  Educational  Research  Association  of Education  Researchers,  named  Those  Who  Understand  Knowledge  Growth  in Teaching.  In  Those  Who  Understand  Knowledge  Growth  in  Teaching,  Shulman thought  that  in  nineteenth  Century,  the  American  teacher  qualification  examination emphasized too much on the knowledge of teachers‘ teaching contents, but neglected the general teaching methods, and in 1980s, to the other extreme, too much attention to  teaching  method,  but  ignored  the  teachers‘  teaching  content  knowledge.  He believed  that  knowledge  of  subject  contents  and  teaching  methods  were  both important  parts  of  teachers.  He  suggested  that  it  was  necessary  to  explore  the  inner linking  of  them.  He  termed  this  special  field  as  PCK,  that  is,  Pedagogical  Content Knowledge. He defined PCK as the special integration of teachers‘ personal teaching experience,  teachers‘  content  knowledge  and  pedagogy.  He  believed  that  PCK  was the most special part of the teaching knowledge and was the easiest tool to distinguish subject  specialist  and  subject  teacher.  The  term  ―PCK‖  is  used  to  describe  specific types  of  content  knowledge  from  the  time  it  appeared,  in  order  to  reflect  the characteristics of its teaching practice.1 Teachers  must  have  the  specific  knowledge  of  the  subject,  such  as  concept, principle,  etc.  They  also  need  to  have  their  own  subject  knowledge  that  can  be transferred  into  the  knowledge  that  students  can  easily  understand.  In  order  to  study how  to  transform  the  subject  knowledge  into  teaching  contents,  Schulman  and  other specialists  launched  a  research  project  called  ―teacher  knowledge  development‖. 
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Chapter Three Research Methods and Data Collection ...... 27 
3.1 The designing process .... 27 3.2 Analysis of classroom observation records ........... 29 
3.3 Student questionnaire analysis ...... 39 
Chapter Four Influence of PCK on the Effectiveness of English Classroom Teaching...... 44 
4.1 PCK elements of English teachers in middle school ...... 44 
4.2 Analysis and the interview of middle school English teacher’s PCK elements ...... 51
4.3 Analysis of the effectiveness of teacher’s classroom teaching ..... 57&nb本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。