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thepedagogical meaning and proposes the possibility of involving phrase frames in thetextbooks. This chapter is promised to review the related literature from the followingaspects, intending to indicate the research gap and the future research direction.However, the paper only presents the most important works and theories owing to thelimited space.
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2.1 Phraseology
Phraseology is a scholarly approach to language which developed in the twentiethcentury. As one of the popular issues studied in linguistics, phraseology is definedwithin various sub-disciplines, indicating different approaches of researchers. There isno clear-cut and satisfactory definition of phraseology resulted from the diversity ofresearch paradigms and methods within the sub-disciplines. Scholars from variousresearch perspectives propose the influential definitions. For example, Cowie (1998)referred to phraseology as “a field bedeviled by the proliferation of terms and by theconflicting uses of the same terms” (p.210). As Wray (2002) defined, “formulaiclanguage is a sequence, continuous or discontinuous, of words or other elements,which is prefabricated: that is, stored and retrieved whole from memory at the time ofuse” (p.9). Proposed by Macann (2001), “phraseology is the study of the nature anddistribution of words that are not completely free in combination” (p.15). According toWikipedia, phraseology, in linguistics, is the study of set or fixed expressions, such asidioms, phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units, also referred to asphrasemes, in which the constituent parts of the expression takes on meaning morespecific than or otherwise not predictable from the sum of their meaning when usedindependently. In conclusion, phraseology is central in language description andcreation. The following section will address the most influential phraseological studies,including two major paradigms proposed by Wei (2007): theory-driven studies andcorpus-driven studies.
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Chapter 3 Theoretical Bases...........22
3.1Automaticity.......22
3.2 Noticing Hypothesis....24
3.3 Input Enhancement......25
3.4 Data-driven Textbook Design .......26
Chapter 4 Research Questions and Methodology......29
4.1 Research Questions.....29
4.2 Methodology......29
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion........... 47
5.1AContrastive Study of Phrase Frames in Native Corpus and Textbook Corpus.......... 47
5.2 Proposal for Phrase Frame Treatment in Textbook........... 49
5.2.1 Inclusion of Phrase Frames in Vocabulary List....... 49
5.2.2 Highlighting of Phrase Frames Used in Text........... 50
5.2.3Addition of Explanations for Used Phrase Frames........... 51
5.2.4Addition of Exercise on Used Phrase Frames ......... 51
5.3 Phrase Frame Treatment Samples.......... 52

Chapter 5Results and Discussion

5.1 A Contrastive Study of Phrase Frames in Native Corpus and Textbook Corpus

After concordancing the phrase frames in native and textbook corpus separately,the previous chapter has presented the most frequently occurring three-, four- andfive-phrase frames and their recurrent phrases within them. Then, aiming at a conciseand straightforward comparison between two kinds of corpora, the following table isworked out.As is observed from the frequency of phrase frames in native corpora in pre本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。