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Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Background of the study
Chinese normal education started after the opium wars. In late Qing dynasty, people who had great vision began to realize the importance of the education. At that time, even emperor began to study the advanced cultures in western country. The most effective and successful example is education system. The earliest normal education institution is the Normal College of Nan Yang Public School which was established in 1897. In 1902, the establishment of Imperial University of Peking ushered in a new epoch in higher education of China. These schools copied western rules and implemented tuition-freenormal education policy.

1.1研究的背景
鸦片战争开始后，中国师范教育。晚清有伟大的愿景，人们开始认识到教育的重要性。当时，即使是皇帝开始学习西方国家的先进文化。最有效，最成功的例子是教育系统。杨楠成立于1897年的公立学校正常的教育机构是最早的师范学院。 1902年，京师大学堂的建立迎来了一个新的时代，在中国的高等教育。这些学校复制西方的规则，并实行免学费的师范教育政策。

For example, the Normal College of Nan Yang Public School supplied all the costs for students and the students got monthly allowance. In the period of Republic of China, at the beginning, education system was a continuation of Qing dynasty, so the tuition-free education policy continued. After the foundation of People's Republic of China, all the universities became free of charge. The normal students could be admitted in advance and get monthly allowance besides enjoying the preferential treatment with other students. The tuition-free education system had provided a lot of benefits for normal students including getting qualified education without paying money for it. However, since 1997， due to several reasons, for example, the traditional system ofeducational provision was gradually changed from government running to society running(State Council, 1993), and the number of college students has increased rapidly. All thesehave weakened the tuition-free normal education system. Since then, normal universitieshave begun to charge for their education. This situation lasted for ten years. In 2007,Prime Minister Wen announced that the fonner tuition-free normal education was broughtinto effect again in 6 national normal universities, and southwest university is one of thesix. In the government report (2007) he said:

One aim of the new policy is to promote the fairness in education. With theemergence of the policy, many students from poor and rural area could get the chance togo to university and have fair education. According to the state council in 2007, the policyis to enable children from families with financial difficulties to attend college or receivevocational education. This is another major move that is taken to promote fairness ineducation following on the exemption of all tuition and miscellaneous fees for ruralcompulsory education students. This new policy brings benefits to many college studentsagain, and also they should take the responsibility at the same time. That is to say, aftergraduation, these normal students must choose teaching as their occupation and keep it forat least 10 years. According to the policy, those who become tuition-free normal studentscould only apply for in-service post-graduate education after they finish teaching for oneyear. The aim of this policy is to offer opportunities to the people who can not afford theeducational fee, encourage college students to devote themselves to education, andimprove the quality of teachers and education in primary and middle sc本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。