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本文是一篇英语语法论文，笔者认为研究词的动态意义是词汇语用学产生和发展的重要原因。词汇语用学的两个主要理论是Grice（1975）的会话含义和Sperber和Wilson（1995）的关联理论。与会话含义相比，关联理论既继承了一些观点，又弥补了其不足。

Chapter One  literature review

1.1 An Overview of Word Meaning

In 1923, Ogden and Richards published the famous and profound book The Meaning of Meaning, marking the initial birth of semantics. Lyons (2000) thinks that as one of the sub-branches of linguistics, semantics is generally defined as the study of meaning. As the unit of language, word meaning is the core and main research object of semantics, especially traditional semantics. Referential theory and representational theory are two primary theories of meaning that promote and support the advancement of semantics.

First of all, the concepts of ―denote‖ and ―refer‖ need to be distinguished here. Denote is used to describe the relationship between a linguistic expression and the world. This relationship is static and unchanging. While refer is utilized to the action of a speaker in picking out entities in the world. This action is dynamic and changing. (Saeed, 2000) Give an example to illustrate it: There is a bicycle in front of the house. In this sentence, ―house‖ and ―bicycle‖ denote a class of things in the real world. The behavior that the speaker chooses to express with these two words is referring.

As far as Saeed (2000) is concerned, the referential theory is when words and sentences are given their meaning by showing how they relate to situations. According to Hu (2017), the referential theory of meaning means that the meaning of a word is related to the thing it refers to, or stands for. In a few words, the meaning of words refers to something in nature. Meaning is a static and direct relation between words and entities in the world. The referential theory takes objective existence as the philosophical basis. Therefore, it must be something that exists in reality. 

1.2 Previous Studies of Antonyms

Antonyms have always been a hot topic which scholars have discussed since time began. In contrast, although the study of antonyms in China started late, the related research did not lag too far behind. There is some overlap between domestic and foreign research. These will be discussed as follows. 

1.2.1 Previous Studies of Antonyms Abroad

In English, the ―antonym‖ is a derivative word. It is derived from the Greek ―antonymia‖. The affix ―ant-‖ is equivalent to ―anti-‖, which has the opposite meaning. The affix ―onym‖ means ―name‖. (Zhang, 2010) It can be seen that the original and basic meaning of the antonym is ―opposite name‖. Later, it was gradually extended to mean ―contradiction or opposition‖. 

Regarding the precise definition of antonyms, different linguists have similar opinions. Lyons (1977) holds that the technical term for oppositeness of meaning between lexemes is antonymy. According to Leech (1983), the antonym is a word of opposite meaning. In much the same vein, Saeed (2000) argues that antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning. Although the definition of antonyms has always been a topic of debate in the field of linguistics, it has always revolved around ―opposition‖. In short, antonyms are words with opposite meanings. 

Chapter Two  Theoretical Framework and Methodology

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