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The Causes of Neutralization of English Consonants

论文作者:英语论文网论文属性:职称论文 Scholarship Papers登出时间:2012-03-16编辑:sally点击率:3774

论文字数:3000论文编号:org201203162127492798语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文

关键词:consonant clusterphonemedistinctive featuresneutralization

摘要:Neutralization is related to the variation in articulation, so, in order to understand what neutralization is, we start with learning about what distinctive features are.

The Causes of Neutralization of English Consonants

Abstract: This paper gives a brief account of English consonant cluster's structure and phonetic features from the perspective of the definition and cause of neutralization of English consonants as well as their distinctive features and oppositions. 英语论文代写It comes up with the final conclusion that neutralization exists in only thirteen English consonant clusters, among a large number of consonant clusters.
Key words: consonant cluster; phoneme; distinctive features; neutralization
1. Phonemes and Neutralization of Consonants
1.1 What is neutralization
There are all about 50 phonemes in English, and each phoneme is articulated differently. In a sound system, the difference in articulation of any two phonemes is able to distinguish meaning. For instance, in the words tip and dip, according to their different articulation, consonants [t] and [d] can distinguish the two words tip and dip, and further distinguish the two different meanings. However, in some cases, the difference between two phonemes disappears, and they have the same pronunciation.
For example, [p] should be pronounced as voiced [p], but in the word space, it is actually articulated as voiceless [b]. As a result, [p] and [b] have the same pronunciation. In phonology, this phenomenon is called neutralization.
Neutralization is related to the variation in articulation, so, in order to understand what neutralization is, we start with learning about what distinctive features are.
1.2 Distinctive Features and Oppositions
1.2.1 Distinctive Features
Distinctive features are the minimal contrastive units, which are used to explain the structure of language sound system. In other words, distinctive features refer to those phonetic features which can distinguish language sounds. We can think of distinctive features as a set of binary "switches" that all sounds have.
For each sound, some of the switches may be turned on, while others are turned off. To represent these switches, every switch is given a name, such as [vocalic], [voiced], [grave], etc. To represent whether the switch is turned on or off, either a '+' or '-'is placed before the name. For example, if the switch [voiced] is on, it is represented as [+voice]. If it is off, it is represented as [- voice]. Take /p/ as an example: it is a〔+consonantal〕,〔-vocalic〕,〔-nasal〕,〔-voiced〕etc.
Therefore, in sound systems, phonemes are distinguished by such distinctive features as consonantal, vocalic, nasal, voiced, etc.
1.2.2 Phonological oppositions
The famous Prague School linguist Trubetzkoy said phonology was not sounds, but the contrastive function of those sounds. The phonological unit, phoneme, is actually a sound's contrastive function. Sounds in themselves are not phonemes, they are phonemes as they serve to distinguish meaning. Based on this, Trubetzkoy classified nine groups of phonological oppositions: a. bilateral opposition; b.multilateral opposition; c.proportional op-position; d.isolated opposition; e.privative opposition; f.gradual opposition; g.equipollent opposition; h.neutralizable opposition; i. constant opposition.
In English, we can distinguish pairs of phonemes by analyzing one or more phonological oppositions. For instance, [p] and [b] only has one opposition (voiced or voiceless), [p] and [d] has two oppositions (voiceless or not, and bilabial or not), and[p] and [z] has three oppositions (voiceless or not论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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