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text from the perspective oftopic chain and how to improve cohesion and coherence of the target text. And hopefully, newtheories could be inspired in this field.

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Chapter Two Subject and Topic

2.1 Subject Contrast between English and Chinese

The purpose of this section is to summarize the differences and similarities betweenEnglish and Chinese subjects, and pave the way for the introduction of topic in English andChinese.

2.1.1 Subject in English

Li & Thompson (1976) took “whether topic first” and “whether subject first” as thereference basis, generalized English as a language of subject prominence from the perspectiveof typology, and accordingly, the subject occupies a decisive position in English and plays animportant role in syntax due to its indispensability. In English, except for the imperativesentence, there is no sentence without the subject. Sweet (1958) also believes that an Englishsentence is composed of a logical subject and a logical predicate to express an idea. And thebasic sentence patterns of English can be summarized into the following seven categories:

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2.2 Relationship between Topic and Subject

2.2.1 Features of TopicThe concept of “topic” can be traced back to Hocket (1958). In his view, topic is a linguisticphenomenon whose syntactic function is similar to that of the subject, but it is not easy to bedetermined from the syntactic point of view.

According to Li & Thompson’s point of view (1976), topic has the followingcharacteristics:

(1) The topic must be definite;

(2) The topic does not necessarily have a selective relationship with the verb of thesentence;

(3) The topic is not determined by verbs;

(4) The functional role of the topic can be described as the center of attention;

(5) There is no consistent relationship between topics and verbs;

(6) The topic is always at the beginning of the sentence;

(7) The topic does not play any role in the process of reflexivisation, passivization,imperativization, etc.

Tsao (1995) pointed out that Li and Thompson had missed an important feature of topic,that is, it can often extend their semantic scope to several clauses and control the deletion ofnoun phrases in the topic chain. Besides, topic is always at the initial position of topic chain.

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Chapter Three Topic Chains in English and Chinese ........................ 20

3.1 Cognitive Mechanism of Topic Chain........................ 20

3.1.1 Principle of Economy......................... 20

3.1.2 Accessibility ........................ 21

Chapter Four Topic Chain-Oriented Principles and Strategies for Chinese-EnglishTranslation ............................ 41

4.1 General Principles of Topic Chain-Oriented Translation ........................ 41

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