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爱默生《论自然》评析 [6]

论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:课程作业 Coursework登出时间:2014-05-16编辑:caribany点击率:60032

论文字数:4937论文编号:org201405161446193733语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文

关键词:艾默生论自然​Ralph Waldo EmersonInfluence of Nature美国文学

摘要:人与自然是相互依赖,相互关联的,我们要努力营造和谐的人与自然关系,对自然界要有持久的关爱和尊重。

, and can not hope to be saved except through the grace of God.
It was feared that the rising industrialization would result in a loss of individuality and creativity, so Emerson was against capitalism and industrialization. His thought was shown in his masterpiece Nature, in which he stated that nature should be the place where our thoughts rested and no matter what it is like, our men should keep a clear view upon our own thought. Men were all powerful if they had held his individuality and his own features. Through nature, men would transcend, would turn into a transparent eyeball and saw what they want to.
3.4 Emphasis on the Significance of the Individual 
Nature has been called the manifesto of Transcendentalism. And the Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual, in Emerson’s Nature, the individual was the most important element in society. As the regeneration of society could only come about through the regeneration of the individual, his perception, his self-culture and self-improvement, and not the wildly excited or frantic effort to get rich, should become the first concern of his life. The ideal type of man was the self-reliant individual whom Emerson never stopped talking about all his life. In Nature, Emerson was telling people to depend on themselves for spiritual perfection if they cared the effort, because in Emerson’s opinion, the individual soul communed with the Oversoul and therefore divine. Now this new notion of the individual and his importance represented, obviously, a new way of looking at man. It was a reaction against Calvinist concept that man is totally depraved, he is sinful and perseveres in sinhood, and cannot hope to be saved except through the grace of God. It was also a reaction against the process of dehumanization which came in the wake of developing capitalism. The industrialization of New England was turning men into nonhumans. People were losing their individuality and were becoming uniform. In Nature, by trying to reassure the importance of the individual, Emerson emphasized the significance of men regaining their lost personality.
 
IV. Significance and Influence of Nature  自然界的意义和影响

In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson. The new world was thrilled to hear the new voice it uttered."The universe is composed of Nature and the Soul," it says. "Spirit is present everywhere." It was apparent that the world had had enough Benjamin Franklin, and a wind of change was beginning to blow. A whole new way of thinking began to exert its influence on the consciousness of man. Nature’s voice pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of American Transcendentalism, this was the most significant development of American literature in the middle 19th century. 

Transcendentalism can be best understood as a somewhat late and localized manifestation of Romantic Movement in literature and philosophy. As formulated by Emerson, transcendentalism became a clarion call to action, exhorting young people to cast off their deadening enslavement to the past, to follow God within, and to live every moment of life with strenuousness, to regard nature as the great objective lesson proving God’s presence everywhere in His creation. 
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